The main reason for larger number of oxidation states exhibited by the actinides than the corresponding lanthanides, is :
lesser energy difference between 5f and 6d orbitals than between 4f and 5d orbitals
larger atomic size of actinides than the lanthanides
more energy difference between 5f and 6d orbitals than between 4f and 5d orbitals
greater reactive nature of the actinides than the lanthanides
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The actinides have a greater variety of oxidation states than the lanthanides because the energy difference between the 5f and 6d orbitals is smaller than that between the 4f and 5d orbitals. It is true that the energy difference is less the higher the value of n+1.
Therefore, the correct option is (A): lesser energy difference between 5f and 6d orbitals than between 4f and 5d orbitals
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Concepts Used:
Actinoids
Actinoids are a series of elements in the periodic table that have atomic numbers ranging from 89 to 103. These elements are also known as the actinides or the actinide series. They are located in the second row at the bottom of the periodic table, below the lanthanoid series.
The actinoids are all radioactive, with the exception of thorium, and most of them are synthetic, meaning they do not occur naturally on Earth. They are typically found in nuclear reactors or in laboratory experiments.
The actinoids have similar properties to the lanthanoids, as they both have f-electrons that are partially filled. However, the actinoids are generally more reactive and have a greater range of oxidation states compared to the lanthanoids. They also have a greater tendency to form complex ions and compounds.
The actinoids are of great importance in nuclear technology and chemistry, as they are used in nuclear reactors and in the production of nuclear weapons. They also have potential applications in areas such as medical imaging and cancer treatment. However, their radioactive nature means that they can also be highly toxic and pose a significant environmental risk if not handled properly.