The following are some well-known abbreviations which have been used in this chapter. Expand each one to its full form:
(a) MALT
(b) CMI
(c) AIDS
(d) NACO
(e) HIV
The following are some well-known abbreviations which have been used in this chapter. Expand each one to its full form:
(a) MALT
(b) CMI
(c) AIDS
(d) NACO
(e) HIV
Solution and Explanation
(a) MALT- Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
(b) CMI-Cell-Mediated Immunity
(c) AIDS- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
(d) NACO- National AIDS Control Organization
(e) HIV- Human Immuno Deficiency virus
Top Questions on Human health and disease
- Antibody molecule has:
- CUET (UG) - 2025
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- Which of the following are signs of STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections)?
(i) Genital itching
(ii) Bleeding
(iii) Normal pain
(iv) Abdominal swelling
- GUJCET - 2025
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- Which of the following conditions is associated with "overeating"?
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- In the life cycle of a {Plasmodium, once the sporozoite enters the blood of the host, it invades the hepatic portal system, resulting in occurrence of change in the host body, leading to malaria
A. Sporozoite enters the hepatocytes and divides by schizogony leading to formation of cryptomerozoites
B. Inside RBCs, the micro-metacryptozoites become rounded and modify into a young trophozoites.
C. As the trophozoite grows in size, a central vacuole is developed so that the nucleus is pushed to one side into the peripheral cytoplasm, leading to amoeboid stage.
D. In Amoeboid stage the small red eosinophils granules appear in the cytoplasm of the host corpulses as Schuffner's granules}
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:- CUET (PG) - 2025
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\begin{tabularx}{0.8\textwidth}{|l|X|l|X|} \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{LIST-I} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{LIST-II}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Types Cancer} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Tissues involved}
\hline A. & Carcinoma & I. & Muscle
B. & Chondroma & II. & Cartilage
C. & Sarcoma & III. & Blood
D. & Myeloma & IV. & Epithelial Tissue
\hline \end{tabularx}
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:- CUET (PG) - 2025
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Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
- In the given figure, three identical bulbs P, Q, and S are connected to a battery.
[(i)] Compare the brightness of bulbs P and Q with that of bulb S when key K is closed.
[(ii)] Compare the brightness of the bulbs S and Q when the key K is opened.
Justify your answer in both cases.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Current electricity
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Assertion (A): In double slit experiment, if one slit is closed, diffraction pattern due to the other slit will appear on the screen.
Reason (R): For interference, at least two waves are required.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
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- Analyse the role of Gandhiji after independence of India.
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A current-carrying coil is placed in an external uniform magnetic field. The coil is free to turn in the magnetic field. What is the net force acting on the coil? Obtain the orientation of the coil in stable equilibrium. Show that in this orientation the flux of the total field (field produced by the loop + external field) through the coil is maximum.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
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Concepts Used:
Types of Immunity
Immunity can be defined as the body's ability to guard itself against disease-causing organisms. In other words, it is the ability to resist infection by the action of particular antibodies. Our body has the ability to produce antibodies against pathogens and defend itself from diseases; therefore, we may come in contact with several viruses every day, but not get ill. This defense mechanism is therefore known as immunity.
The two major types of immunity are:
- Innate Immunity or Non-specific Immunity
- Acquired Immunity or Adaptive Immunity
Innate immunity
The immunity, which is present in an organism by birth is called innate Immunity. Innate immunity refers to the body’s defence system. For example, the skin, the barrier of the human body functions by protecting the entry of germs and other disease-causing pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
An individual acquires immunity after birth, hence is called adaptive or acquired immunity. Adaptive immunity develops throughout our lives. We acquire adaptive immunity when we are exposed to infectious diseases and allergies or when we are immunized against them with vaccines.
Passive immunity
Passive immunity is developed by antibodies that are produced outside the body. This immunity lasts for a short time. For example, antibodies present in a mother’s breast milk provide a baby with temporary immunity against the diseases.
Active Immunity
Active immunity is a type of adaptive immunity, which is developed due to the production of antibodies in one’s own body. This type of immunity occurs when we are in contact with the pathogen or its antigen.