Question

The errors in the measurement which arise due to unpredictable fluctuations in temperature and voltage supply are:

• A. Random errors
• B. Instrumental errors
• C. Personal errors
• D. Least count errors

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The errors in the measurement which arise due to unpredictable fluctuations in temperature and voltage supply are classified as random errors. These errors occur inconsistently and cannot be easily predicted or quantified, as they stem from sudden and uncontrollable changes in the environment or circumstances affecting the measurement process. Below, I'll detail the reasoning behind classifying these errors:

• Random Errors: These are caused by unpredictable variations in measurement conditions. When parameters like temperature and voltage fluctuate unexpectedly, they can induce variability in measurements, leading to errors. Such alterations happen without any regular pattern or fixed cause, thus being termed random.
• Other Types of Errors:
  • Instrumental Errors: These result from malfunctions or limitations of the measuring instruments themselves, not typically due to environmental changes.
  • Personal Errors: These occur due to the observer's subjective judgement or error in reading measurements, unrelated to external fluctuations.
  • Least Count Errors: These arise when the measurement device cannot read smaller divisions beyond certain limits, a fixed characteristic rather than an environmental variation.

Considering the above types of errors, fluctuations in temperature and voltage align with the characteristics of random errors due to their unpredictable nature and external origin.