Correct answer: All of the above
Explanation:
The electronic configuration of an element is determined using the following three principles:
1. Aufbau Principle:
Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first before moving to higher ones.
2. Hund's Rule:
Electrons occupy all degenerate orbitals singly first, with parallel spins, before pairing begins.
3. Pauli's Exclusion Principle:
No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers; i.e., an orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins.
Hence, the correct answer is: All of the above.