The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. It was adopted on January 26, 1950, and lays down the fundamental laws, principles, and framework for governance in India. The document consists of 448 articles, organized into 25 parts and 12 schedules, and has been amended numerous times to address the evolving needs of the nation.
Designed to establish a democratic republic, the Constitution includes provisions for fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, and a robust system of checks and balances. It also sets out the structure of the government, with a separation of powers between the executive, legislature, and judiciary. This comprehensive document reflects the diverse and complex nature of India and aims to ensure justice, equality, and freedom for its citizens.
The length of the Constitution reflects the diverse needs of the country, with detailed provisions for a range of subjects including the federal structure, electoral process, citizenship, and the distribution of powers between the central government and states. Over time, it has served as a living document, adapting to the changing socio-political landscape through numerous amendments.