Question

The characteristic morphological change(s) in cells undergoing apoptosis is/are

• A. formation of blebs on cell surface
• B. swelling and bursting of cells
• C. collapse of the cytoskeleton
• D. condensation and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, C, D

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a highly regulated process in which cells undergo an orderly sequence of events leading to their own death. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and development in multicellular organisms. During apoptosis, cells exhibit distinct morphological changes that can be used to identify them. Let's go through these changes to determine the correct answers:

1. Formation of blebs on cell surface: One of the characteristic features of apoptosis is the formation of blebs or small blisters on the surface of the cell. These blebs occur when the cytoskeleton collapses and the cell membrane detaches from underlying cytoskeletal proteins, leading to bubble-like protrusions. Therefore, this option is correct.
2. Swelling and bursting of cells: This is typically observed in necrosis rather than apoptosis. In necrosis, cells swell and burst, releasing their contents, which can trigger inflammation. Therefore, this option is incorrect for apoptosis.
3. Collapse of the cytoskeleton: During apoptosis, the cytoskeletal structure breaks down, which contributes to the cell shrinking and bleb formation. The collapse of the cytoskeleton is indeed a hallmark of apoptosis, making this option correct.
4. Condensation and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin: Another key feature of apoptosis is the condensation of chromatin within the nucleus, followed by its fragmentation. This is an important step in the apoptotic process, ensuring the orderly packaging and disposal of nuclear material. Therefore, this option is correct.

To summarize, the correct morphological changes during apoptosis are the formation of blebs on the cell surface, collapse of the cytoskeleton, and condensation and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin.