Taking stability as the factor, which one of the following represents correct relationship?
Inl3 > Inl
AlCl > AlCl3
TII > TII3
Tll3 > TlCl
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
In assessing the stability of compounds, we often consider the oxidation state and the concept of inert pair effect, especially in heavier elements of groups 13 and 15 of the periodic table.
The inert pair effect refers to the phenomenon where the s-electrons of the valence shell remain non-ionized or unshared in compounds of post-transition metals. This effect is more pronounced as you move down a group in the periodic table.
In the case of thallium, a group 13 element, the +1 oxidation state is more stable than the +3 oxidation state due to the inert pair effect. Here, thallium prefers to retain its 6s² electrons, leading it to exist commonly in the Tl⁺ state.
Comparing thallium compounds: TII (where thallium is in +1 oxidation state) is more stable than TII₃ (where thallium is in +3 oxidation state). Thus, the correct relationship reflecting stability is: TII > TII3.
Approach Solution -2
The stability of a compound is often related to the charge on the central atom and the nature of its bonding with the ligands. In this case, TII (Tl+1) refers to thallium(I) ions, and TII3 (Tl3+) refers to thallium(III) ions.
Generally, lower oxidation states (e.g., Tl+) are more stable than higher oxidation states (e.g., Tl3+) for heavy elements like thallium. This is due to the presence of additional electron shells that can provide increased shielding and stability for lower oxidation states.
Option (C) TII > TII3 reflects this principle and correctly represents the relationship based on stability.
Therefore, the correct option is (C) : TII > TII3
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Concepts Used:
P-Block Elements
- P block elements are those in which the last electron enters any of the three p-orbitals of their respective shells. Since a p-subshell has three degenerate p-orbitals each of which can accommodate two electrons, therefore in all there are six groups of p-block elements.
- P block elements are shiny and usually a good conductor of electricity and heat as they have a tendency to lose an electron. You will find some amazing properties of elements in a P-block element like gallium. It’s a metal that can melt in the palm of your hand. Silicon is also one of the most important metalloids of the p-block group as it is an important component of glass.
P block elements consist of:
- Group 13 Elements: Boron family
- Group 14 Elements: Carbon family
- Group 15 Elements: Nitrogen family
- Group 16 Elements: Oxygen family
- Group 17 Elements: Fluorine family
- Group 18 Elements: Neon family