Question:

Study the following statements and select the correct ones. (i) Organisms capable to tolerate a wide range of temperature are called stenothermal organisms. (ii) Thermal tolerance of different species determines their geographical distribution to a large extent. (iii) Average temperature in tropical deserts in summer is $< 50^{\circ}C$. (iv) Thermal springs cannot sustain life due to very high average temperature i. e., $> 100^{\circ}C$.

Updated On: Jul 7, 2022

(i) only
(ii) only
{i), (ii) and (iii)
{i), (iii) and (iv)

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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The geographical distribution of different species of organisms depends on their thermal tolerance. Organisms which can tolerate a wide range of temperature variations, e.g., most mammals and birds are called eurythermal organisms. The average temperature in tropical deserts in summer is more than $50^{\circ}C$. Thermal springs can sustain life, where average temperature exceed $100^{\circ}C$ i.a, many microorganisms (e.g., some archaebacteria) live there.

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List - I (Organism)	List - II (Product)
(A) Streptococcus	(I) Citric acid
(B) Aspergillus niger	(II) Streptokinase
(C) Monascus puteма	(III) Ethanol
(D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae	(IV) Statin

Notes on Organisms and their Environments

Concepts Used:

Organisms and their Environments

Ecology is the branch of biology that involves the study of the interactions that takes place between an organism and its environment. Any biological organization consists of 4 levels, namely, Organisms, Populations, Biomes, and Communities.

Organisms:

An Organism is an attached living system that lives in an environment. They are able to retain specific behaviours and structure such as bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and humans. A population is formed by the collection of all these organisms. The collection of population forms a community that helps in the operation of ecosystems.

Environment:

The study of the interaction of organisms in an area with the surrounding environment is Ecology. This interaction constitutes an overall adaptation of the organisms to their environment that also includes the continuity of species.

The environment comprises of both biotic (living things) and abiotic components (non-living things)

Food Chain:

Food Chain is the transfer of food energy from the plant source through a series of organisms that consume and are consumed.

Grass(Producer) → Deer(Herbivore) → Tiger(Carnivore), Grass(Producers) → Insect(Herbivores) → Frog(Carnivores) → Snake(Secondary Carnivore).

Food Web:

Food web is the interlocking pattern of multiple food chains in the ecosystem. In this, many food chains are interconnected and there are increased possibilities of eating and getting eaten by different organisms of various species.