Question:
Refractive index of ionosphere is
Refractive index of ionosphere is
Updated On: Oct 7, 2023
- zero
- more than one
- less than one
- one
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The refractive index of ionosphere is
$ \mu = \sqrt{ 1 - \frac{ 80.6 \, N }{ f^2 }} $
where N is free electron density typically equal to $ 10^{11} \, m^{ - 3 } $ and v is frequency of waves in kHz.
So, we have $ \mu < 1 $
Hence, refractive index of ionosphere is less than one.
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Concepts Used:
Communication Systems
A system that describes the information exchange between two points is called the communication system. The transmission and reception process of information is called communication. The major elements of communication are such as:
- The Transmitter of information
- Channel or medium of communication
- The Receiver of information
Examples Of Communication Systems:
The following are the examples of communication systems:
- Internet
- Public Switched Telephone network
- Intranet and Extranet
- Television
Types Of Communication Systems:
Turning on Signal specification or technology, the communication system is categorized as follows:
- Analog technology communicates data as electronic signals of differing frequencies or amplitude. For instance Broadcast and telephone transmission.
- In Digital technology, the data are created and processed in two states: High (represented as 1) and Low (represented as 0). Also this technology stores and transmits data in the form of 1's and 0's.
Elements of a Communication System:
