Comprehension

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
Modernity spelled not merely new ideas but also rethinking and reinterpretation of tradition.Both culture and traditions are living entities. People learn them and in turn modify them.India’s structural and cultural diversity is self-evident. This diversity shapes the different ways that modernisation or westernisation, sanskritisation or secularisation effects or does not effect different groups of people. It is up to you to explore and identify the complex ways modernisation impacts people in different parts of the country or impacts different classes and castes in the same region. And even women and men from the same class or community.

Question: 1

Which among these is NOT associated with sanskritisation?

Updated On: Nov 6, 2024
  • It is broadly connected to the notion of purity and pollution.
  • It is a cultural process.
  • ‘Reference group’ in sanskritisation is usually inferior.
  • A process of mobility.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Sanskritisation typically involves the process of adopting the rituals and practices of higher castes, which may imply that the ’reference group’ being adopted from is viewed as superior, rather than inferior.
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Question: 2

What is ’westernisation’?

Updated On: Nov 6, 2024
  • Structural change brought about by colonialism
  • Cultural change that predates colonialism
  • Cultural change brought about by secularisation
  • Cultural change brought about by colonialism
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Westernisation refers to the influence of Western culture on other cultures, which often involves structural changes resulting from colonialism.
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Question: 3

What has been the impact of modernisation and sanskritisation?

Updated On: Nov 6, 2024
  • These processes shaped urban India with no effect in rural areas.
  • These processes brought in same set of changes in different localities.
  • These processes led to uneven social changes among different castes.
  • These processes directly led to secularisation.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Modernisation and sanskritisation have resulted in varying social changes across different castes, indicating a complex impact.
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Question: 4

Which among these is NOT a characteristic of modernisation?

Updated On: Nov 6, 2024
  • People influenced not by local but global contexts.
  • Instead of individual, it is the group that becomes the primary unit of change.
  • Association in which men live and work is based on choice and not birth.
  • Utility, calculation and science takes precedence over emotions and irrationality.
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Modernisation emphasizes individual choice rather than group influences, making option (2) not a characteristic of modernisation.
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Question: 5

What kind of change is brought about by secularisation in India?

Updated On: Nov 6, 2024
  • Structural change
  • Intra-regional change
  • National change
  • Cultural change
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Secularisation generally brings about cultural changes, reflecting a shift in societal values away from religious influence
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