Read the following statements and select the option which identifies the incorrect ones.
(i) Potato spindle tuber disease and Chrysanthemum stunt disease are caused by viroids.
(ii) $T_{4}$ bacteriophage exhibits lytic cycle.
(iii) Retroviruses have two copies of $ssRNA$.
(iv) Interferons which prevent viral multiplication are glycolipid particles.
- (ii) and (iii)
- (i) and (iv)
- (iii) only
- (iv) only
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Top Questions on Types of Immunity
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Notes on Types of Immunity
Concepts Used:
Types of Immunity
Immunity can be defined as the body's ability to guard itself against disease-causing organisms. In other words, it is the ability to resist infection by the action of particular antibodies. Our body has the ability to produce antibodies against pathogens and defend itself from diseases; therefore, we may come in contact with several viruses every day, but not get ill. This defense mechanism is therefore known as immunity.
The two major types of immunity are:
- Innate Immunity or Non-specific Immunity
- Acquired Immunity or Adaptive Immunity
Innate immunity
The immunity, which is present in an organism by birth is called innate Immunity. Innate immunity refers to the body’s defence system. For example, the skin, the barrier of the human body functions by protecting the entry of germs and other disease-causing pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
An individual acquires immunity after birth, hence is called adaptive or acquired immunity. Adaptive immunity develops throughout our lives. We acquire adaptive immunity when we are exposed to infectious diseases and allergies or when we are immunized against them with vaccines.
Passive immunity
Passive immunity is developed by antibodies that are produced outside the body. This immunity lasts for a short time. For example, antibodies present in a mother’s breast milk provide a baby with temporary immunity against the diseases.
Active Immunity
Active immunity is a type of adaptive immunity, which is developed due to the production of antibodies in one’s own body. This type of immunity occurs when we are in contact with the pathogen or its antigen.