Comprehension
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The rapid industrial development in Malaysia has created significant industrial waste pollution problems that need immediate attention. Domestic waste and industrial waste are discharged unto surface water through the sewage systems. In some cases, industrial waste is released directly unto surface water.
On land, the release of industrial waste is closely controlled. However, offshore oil and manganese extraction lead to direct discharge of pollutants into the seas. Radioactive waste is dumped at sea in large concrete barrels to decay. Often, the barrels will start to have defects after a while. Representatives of factories often ship waste onto sea to dump it illegally because it is very expensive to have their water purified. Oil is released into the sea through oil tankers and shipwrecks and pesticides are applied to water to control aquatic pests. Paints on boats will decay during long trips on the ocean and will eventually end up in the water. The effects of pollutants are noticed mostly in small inland seas and lakes. This is because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet. The pollutants can exist in water in different states. They can be dissolved or they can be in suspension, which means that they exist in the form of droplets or particles. These pollutants can travel farthest when they are in solution in a river that is fast flowing. High-rate microbial processes have been studied in recent years in the attempt to develop cost-effective and yet, full-scale waste treatment technologies. Management of industrial waste is a growing concern in Malaysia. The waste if improperly segregated or disposed off can lead to dangerous results. Therefore, the proper management of such toxic and hazardous waste requires discipline, vigilance and at times, just common sense.
The rapid industrial development in Malaysia has created significant industrial waste pollution problems that need immediate attention. Domestic waste and industrial waste are discharged unto surface water through the sewage systems. In some cases, industrial waste is released directly unto surface water.
On land, the release of industrial waste is closely controlled. However, offshore oil and manganese extraction lead to direct discharge of pollutants into the seas. Radioactive waste is dumped at sea in large concrete barrels to decay. Often, the barrels will start to have defects after a while. Representatives of factories often ship waste onto sea to dump it illegally because it is very expensive to have their water purified. Oil is released into the sea through oil tankers and shipwrecks and pesticides are applied to water to control aquatic pests. Paints on boats will decay during long trips on the ocean and will eventually end up in the water. The effects of pollutants are noticed mostly in small inland seas and lakes. This is because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet. The pollutants can exist in water in different states. They can be dissolved or they can be in suspension, which means that they exist in the form of droplets or particles. These pollutants can travel farthest when they are in solution in a river that is fast flowing. High-rate microbial processes have been studied in recent years in the attempt to develop cost-effective and yet, full-scale waste treatment technologies. Management of industrial waste is a growing concern in Malaysia. The waste if improperly segregated or disposed off can lead to dangerous results. Therefore, the proper management of such toxic and hazardous waste requires discipline, vigilance and at times, just common sense.
Question: 1
As per the passage, how has rapid industrialisation led to industrial waste pollution in Malaysia?
As per the passage, how has rapid industrialisation led to industrial waste pollution in Malaysia?
Show Hint
When answering questions about specific details in a passage, focus on the key points mentioned explicitly in the text. Eliminate options that introduce unrelated concepts.
Updated On: Mar 10, 2025
- Industrialisation has led to growing number of cars responsible for pollution.
- Discharge of industrial waste into lakes, seas and other water bodies.
- Rapid industrialisation has led to destruction of habitat for animals.
- There is no policy for segregation and disposition of industrial waste by the Government.
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Analyze Option (a)
"Industrialisation has led to growing number of cars responsible for pollution."
The passage does not mention the impact of growing numbers of cars on pollution, so this option is not supported.
Step 2: Analyze Option (b)
"Discharge of industrial waste into lakes, seas and other water bodies."
This option aligns directly with the passage, which talks about the discharge of industrial waste into the seas and lakes. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Step 3: Analyze Option (c)
"Rapid industrialisation has led to destruction of habitat for animals."
The passage does not discuss the destruction of animal habitats due to industrialisation, so option (c) is incorrect.
Step 4: Analyze Option (d)
"There is no policy for segregation and disposition of industrial waste by the Government."
While the passage mentions the need for proper management of industrial waste, it does not say that there is no policy in place. Therefore, option (d) is not supported.
Step 5: Final Answer
Since option (b) is directly supported by the passage, the correct answer is (b) Discharge of industrial waste into lakes, seas and other water bodies. Final Answer: The correct answer is (b) Discharge of industrial waste into lakes, seas and other water bodies.
"Industrialisation has led to growing number of cars responsible for pollution."
The passage does not mention the impact of growing numbers of cars on pollution, so this option is not supported.
Step 2: Analyze Option (b)
"Discharge of industrial waste into lakes, seas and other water bodies."
This option aligns directly with the passage, which talks about the discharge of industrial waste into the seas and lakes. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Step 3: Analyze Option (c)
"Rapid industrialisation has led to destruction of habitat for animals."
The passage does not discuss the destruction of animal habitats due to industrialisation, so option (c) is incorrect.
Step 4: Analyze Option (d)
"There is no policy for segregation and disposition of industrial waste by the Government."
While the passage mentions the need for proper management of industrial waste, it does not say that there is no policy in place. Therefore, option (d) is not supported.
Step 5: Final Answer
Since option (b) is directly supported by the passage, the correct answer is (b) Discharge of industrial waste into lakes, seas and other water bodies. Final Answer: The correct answer is (b) Discharge of industrial waste into lakes, seas and other water bodies.
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Question: 2
Why is the effect of pollutants more noticeable in small inland seas and lakes rather than oceans?
Why is the effect of pollutants more noticeable in small inland seas and lakes rather than oceans?
Show Hint
Look for direct references in the passage to answer questions. In this case, the passage clearly mentions the dilution system in oceans as the key factor.
Updated On: Mar 10, 2025
- They can be dissolved or they can be in suspension, which means that they exist in the form of droplets or particles.
- The technologies for waste treatment cannot be applied on shallow water bodies.
- This is because the surface area of oceans is very large compared to the amount of pollutants.
- Because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet.
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Analyze Option (a)
"They can be dissolved or they can be in suspension, which means that they exist in the form of droplets or particles."
While pollutants can exist in suspension, this does not explain why their effects are more noticeable in small seas and lakes. Therefore, option (a) is incorrect.
Step 2: Analyze Option (b)
"The technologies for waste treatment cannot be applied on shallow water bodies."
The passage does not discuss the limitations of waste treatment technologies in shallow water bodies. Therefore, option (b) is incorrect.
Step 3: Analyze Option (c)
"This is because the surface area of oceans is very large compared to the amount of pollutants."
This option is not mentioned in the passage, which instead focuses on the dilution system in oceans. Therefore, option (c) is incorrect.
Step 4: Analyze Option (d)
"Because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet."
This statement directly reflects the passage`s explanation: "The effects of pollutants are noticed mostly in small inland seas and lakes. This is because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet." Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Step 5: Final Answer
The correct answer is (d) Because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet. Final Answer: The correct answer is (d) Because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet.
"They can be dissolved or they can be in suspension, which means that they exist in the form of droplets or particles."
While pollutants can exist in suspension, this does not explain why their effects are more noticeable in small seas and lakes. Therefore, option (a) is incorrect.
Step 2: Analyze Option (b)
"The technologies for waste treatment cannot be applied on shallow water bodies."
The passage does not discuss the limitations of waste treatment technologies in shallow water bodies. Therefore, option (b) is incorrect.
Step 3: Analyze Option (c)
"This is because the surface area of oceans is very large compared to the amount of pollutants."
This option is not mentioned in the passage, which instead focuses on the dilution system in oceans. Therefore, option (c) is incorrect.
Step 4: Analyze Option (d)
"Because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet."
This statement directly reflects the passage`s explanation: "The effects of pollutants are noticed mostly in small inland seas and lakes. This is because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet." Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Step 5: Final Answer
The correct answer is (d) Because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet. Final Answer: The correct answer is (d) Because the oceans have a natural dilution system for incoming pollutants whereas lakes have no effective outlet.
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Question: 3
Which of the following is a synonym of the word ‘segregated’ given in the passage?
Which of the following is a synonym of the word ‘segregated’ given in the passage?
Show Hint
When looking for synonyms, always focus on the definition provided in the context of the passage. Words with similar meanings, such as "separated" for "segregated," should be selected.
Updated On: Mar 10, 2025
- Separated
- Collected
- Disinfected
- Disposed
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Analyze the meaning of "segregated."
The word "segregated" in the passage means "separated or divided." Therefore, the correct synonym is "separated."
Step 2: Evaluate the options.
(a) "Separated" is the correct synonym for "segregated."
(b) "Collected" does not match the meaning of "segregated."
(c) "Disinfected" is unrelated to "segregated."
(d) "Disposed" is also not a synonym of "segregated."
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct answer is (a) Separated. Final Answer: The correct answer is (a) Separated.
The word "segregated" in the passage means "separated or divided." Therefore, the correct synonym is "separated."
Step 2: Evaluate the options.
(a) "Separated" is the correct synonym for "segregated."
(b) "Collected" does not match the meaning of "segregated."
(c) "Disinfected" is unrelated to "segregated."
(d) "Disposed" is also not a synonym of "segregated."
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct answer is (a) Separated. Final Answer: The correct answer is (a) Separated.
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Question: 4
Which of the following is antonym of the word `Hazardous` given in the passage?
Which of the following is antonym of the word `Hazardous` given in the passage?
Show Hint
When looking for antonyms, think about the exact meaning of the word in the context. For example, the opposite of harmful or dangerous is harmless or benign.
Updated On: Mar 10, 2025
- Perilous
- Precarious
- Risky
- Benign
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Analyze the meaning of "Hazardous."
"Hazardous" means dangerous or harmful. The opposite of something harmful is something that is not harmful, which is "benign."
Step 2: Evaluate the options.
(a) "Perilous" means dangerous or risky, so it is not the correct antonym.
(b) "Precarious" also means dangerous, so it is not the antonym.
(c) "Risky" means dangerous, so it is not the antonym.
(d) "Benign" means harmless, which is the correct opposite of "hazardous."
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct antonym of "Hazardous" is (d) Benign. Final Answer: The correct answer is (d) Benign.
"Hazardous" means dangerous or harmful. The opposite of something harmful is something that is not harmful, which is "benign."
Step 2: Evaluate the options.
(a) "Perilous" means dangerous or risky, so it is not the correct antonym.
(b) "Precarious" also means dangerous, so it is not the antonym.
(c) "Risky" means dangerous, so it is not the antonym.
(d) "Benign" means harmless, which is the correct opposite of "hazardous."
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct antonym of "Hazardous" is (d) Benign. Final Answer: The correct answer is (d) Benign.
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