Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
In 2021, 5.3 percent of 15 to 16-year-olds worldwide (13.5 million individuals) had used Cannabis in the past year according to UNODC. The adolescent brain is still developing and drug use can have long-term negative effects. Early drug use initiation can lead to faster development of dependence than in adults and other problems in adulthood. Parts of the Amazon Basin are at the intersection of multiple forms of organized crimes that are accelerating devastation, with severe implications for the security, health, and well-being of the population across the region. The direct impact of coca cultivation on deforestation is minimal, but indirectly it acts as a catalyst for "Narco-deforestation." The laundering of drug trafficking profits into land speculation etc. is posing a growing danger to the world's largest rainforest.
(a) Which age group or period of growth are people more vulnerable to drug abuse?
(b) Explain the negative impact of coca cultivation on the world's largest rainforest.
(c)
(i) From which part of the plant are cannabinoids mainly obtained? Mention any one negative effect of this drug on adolescents.
OR
(ii) State the scientific name of the plant from which coca alkaloids are derived and state one negative impact of the use of excessive dosage of cocaine.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
In 2021, 5.3 percent of 15 to 16-year-olds worldwide (13.5 million individuals) had used Cannabis in the past year according to UNODC. The adolescent brain is still developing and drug use can have long-term negative effects. Early drug use initiation can lead to faster development of dependence than in adults and other problems in adulthood. Parts of the Amazon Basin are at the intersection of multiple forms of organized crimes that are accelerating devastation, with severe implications for the security, health, and well-being of the population across the region. The direct impact of coca cultivation on deforestation is minimal, but indirectly it acts as a catalyst for "Narco-deforestation." The laundering of drug trafficking profits into land speculation etc. is posing a growing danger to the world's largest rainforest.
(a) Which age group or period of growth are people more vulnerable to drug abuse?
(b) Explain the negative impact of coca cultivation on the world's largest rainforest.
(c)
(i) From which part of the plant are cannabinoids mainly obtained? Mention any one negative effect of this drug on adolescents.
OR
(ii) State the scientific name of the plant from which coca alkaloids are derived and state one negative impact of the use of excessive dosage of cocaine.
Show Hint
Solution and Explanation
(a) People in the 15 to 16-year-old age group — typically adolescents — are more vulnerable to drug abuse.
This is because the adolescent brain is still developing, making it more susceptible to the harmful effects of drugs, including faster development of dependence and long-term issues in adulthood.
(b) While coca cultivation has minimal direct impact on deforestation, it has a significant indirect effect by acting as a catalyst for "Narco-deforestation".
This happens when drug trafficking profits are laundered into land speculation and other activities, leading to accelerated destruction of the Amazon rainforest — the world's largest rainforest — and impacting the region’s security, health, and well-being.
(c)
(i)
- Cannabinoids are mainly obtained from the resin (glandular trichomes) of the Cannabis plant.
- One negative effect of cannabinoid use in adolescents is that it can lead to long-term cognitive impairment and increased risk of addiction or dependence.
OR
(ii)
- The scientific name of the plant is Erythroxylum coca.
- Excessive dosage of cocaine can lead to severe health issues such as hallucinations, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, or even death.
Top Questions on evolution
- (a) “The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starts from a point and literally radiates to other geographical areas.” Explain it with an example.
(b) Cite an example where more than one adaptive radiation has occurred in an isolated geographical area. Name the type of evolution your example depicts. - (a) "The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starts from a point and literally radiates to other geographical areas." Explain it with an example.
(b) Cite an example where more than one adaptive radiation has occurred in an isolated geographical area. Name the type of evolution your example depicts. - A few stages and their respective time period in the evolutionary history of human beings are mentioned in the flowchart given below:
- 15 mya — Primates walking like gorillas and chimpanzees existed.
- 3–4 mya — Man-like primates walked in Eastern Africa. Fossils of their bones were discovered.
- 2 mya — This ancestor lived in the East African grasslands and ate fruits.
- 1.5 mya — This hominid had a brain size of 900 cc and probably ate meat.
- [(a)] Name one primate about 15 mya.
- [(b)] Name one place where fossils of primates were discovered in Eastern Africa.
- [(c)] Name the ancestor that lived in the East African grasslands about 2 mya.
- [(d)] Name the hominid that was found around 1.5 mya.
The given graph shows the range of variation among population members, for a trait determined by multiple genes. If this population is subjected to disruptive selection for several generations, which of the following distributions is most likely to result?
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. According to evolutionary theory, every evolutionary change involves the substitution of a new gene for the old one and the new allele arises from the old one. Continuous accumulation of changes in the DNA coding for proteins leads to evolutionary differences. The chemical composition of DNA is basically the same in all living beings, except for differences in the sequence of nitrogenous bases. Given below are percentage relative similarities between human DNA and DNA of other vertebrates:
(a) What is the term used for the substitution of a new gene for the old one and the new allele arising from the old one during evolutionary process?
(b) Which one of the following holds true for the data provided in the above table?
- [(A)] Greater the evolutionary distance, greater are the differences in the nitrogenous bases.
- [(B)] Lesser the evolutionary distance, greater are the differences in the nitrogenous bases.
- [(C)] Greater the evolutionary distance, lesser are the differences in the nitrogenous bases.
- [(D)] Lesser the evolutionary distance, lesser are the differences in the nitrogenous bases.
(c) [(i)] To which category of evolution (divergent or convergent) does the following relationship belong? Justify your answer.
Human and Rhesus Monkey
OR[(ii)] Differentiate between Convergent and Divergent evolution.
Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
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