Education, taken in its most extensive sense, is properly that which makes the man. One method of education, therefore, would only produce one kind of man; but the greater excellence of human nature consists in the variety of which it is capable. Instead then, of endeavouring, by uniform and fixed systems of education, to keep mankind always the same, let us give free scope to everything which may bid fair for introducing more variety among us. The varied character of the Athenians was certainly preferable to the uniform character of the Spartans, or to any uniform national character whatever. Uniformity is the characteristic of the brute creation. Among them every species of bird builds its nest with the same materials and in same form; the genius and disposition of one individual is that of all and it is only the education which men give them that raises any of them much above others. But it is the glory of human nature that the operations of reason, through variable and by no means infallible, are capable of infinite improvement. We come into the world worse provided than any of the brutes; but when their faculties are at a full stand and their enjoyments incapable of variety or increase, our intellectual powers are growing apace; we are perpetually deriving happiness from new sources, and even before we leave this world, are capable of tasting the felicity of angels.
Which of the following is true about the given passage?
- It describes the state of education in our society.
- It narrates the story of educational development in our society.
- It reflects on the role and impact of education in life.
- All of the above
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
To determine which statement is true about the given passage, we need to examine the passage's content and understand its main theme.
The passage primarily discusses the role and impact of education on human development. It emphasizes how education contributes to the diversity and improvement of human nature. The reference to the varied character of the Athenians compared to the uniformity of the Spartans indicates a reflection on how education allows for individual and societal advancement beyond mere uniformity.
Here's the analysis of each option:
- The statement "It describes the state of education in our society" is not entirely accurate because the passage focuses more on the broader philosophical implications and the role of education in developing human potential rather than describing the current state of education.
- The statement "It narrates the story of educational development in our society" is also not fully accurate. The passage doesn't provide a narrative or historical account of educational development; rather, it offers a philosophical discussion on the value and impact of education.
- The correct statement, "It reflects on the role and impact of education in life," aligns with the passage's content. The author contemplates the influence of education on human growth and its potential to elevate human nature.
- "All of the above" is incorrect because not all statements are true for the passage.
Therefore, the correct answer is that the passage "It reflects on the role and impact of education in life."
Which of the following statements are true about the given passage?
(A) The author creates a binary between uniformity and diversity in matters of education.
(B) It upholds a uniform and stable system of education.
(C) It holds uniformity rather brutish, but necessary for the society.
(D) It holds diversity in education a key to human excellence and progress.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) The author creates a binary between uniformity and diversity in matters of education.
(B) It upholds a uniform and stable system of education.
(C) It holds uniformity rather brutish, but necessary for the society.
(D) It holds diversity in education a key to human excellence and progress.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- (A) and (B) only
- (A) and (C) only
- (A) and (D) only
- (B) and (D) only
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The given passage discusses the importance of diversity in education and contrasts it with uniformity. To solve the question, we'll analyze the passage against each statement:
- Statement A: "The author creates a binary between uniformity and diversity in matters of education."
- The passage clearly sets a binary opposition between uniformity and diversity. It contrasts the uniform character of the Spartans with the varied character of the Athenians and emphasizes the importance of diversity for human excellence.
- This statement is true.
- Statement B: "It upholds a uniform and stable system of education."
- The author argues against a uniform and fixed system of education and instead advocates for diversity. The passage suggests that uniformity is a characteristic of the brute creation, contrasting it negatively with human diversity.
- This statement is false.
- Statement C: "It holds uniformity rather brutish, but necessary for the society."
- The passage indeed refers to uniformity as characteristic of the brute creation but does not describe it as necessary for society. It consistently argues for diversity rather than uniformity.
- This statement is false.
- Statement D: "It holds diversity in education a key to human excellence and progress."
- The passage emphasizes that the greater excellence of human nature lies in the variety and diversity it can possess, suggesting that diversity is key to human progress and excellence.
- This statement is true.
Based on the analysis, the statements that are true are (A) and (D). Therefore, the correct answer is:
Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
- The advent of social media has dramatically transformed the way individuals consume and share information. In earlier times, people largely depended on newspapers, radio, or television as their primary sources of knowledge about the world. These were institutions that followed established editorial practices and fact-checking processes. With the rise of digital platforms, however, the traditional ‘gatekeepers’ of information have been bypassed. Today, anyone with internet access can create content, express an opinion, or broadcast an idea to a global audience within seconds.
This shift has certainly democratized access and given voice to communities and individuals who were often ignored by mainstream media. Yet, this democratization comes with challenges. Alongside genuine voices, social media has also amplified misinformation, rumours, and half-truths. Unlike traditional journalism, where accountability and verification are built into the system, social media thrives on speed, virality, and emotion. A misleading headline, a misinterpreted statistic, or even a doctored image can travel across the world before fact-checkers have the chance to intervene.
The consequences of such unchecked information can be serious, ranging from the spread of fear and panic to the manipulation of public opinion. The impact of this transformation extends beyond individual users to institutions and democracies. Political campaigns, corporate branding, and even social movements are now shaped by algorithms that decide what people see and when they see it. These algorithms prioritize engagement, often promoting content that provokes stronger emotional reactions rather than balanced analysis.
As a result, echo chambers form, online spaces where people are repeatedly exposed to opinions that mirror their own, reinforcing biases and reducing openness to differing perspectives. This has contributed to increasing polarization in societies across the world. Moreover, the competition for attention has blurred the line between information and entertainment, leading to the rise of sensationalism even in serious public discourse. The credibility of expertise too has been undermined, as opinions from unverified sources are often placed on the same footing as evidence-based knowledge.
In response, several governments and technology companies are exploring ways to promote digital literacy, enhance transparency in algorithms, and strengthen fact-checking collaborations. Ultimately, the challenge lies in balancing the openness of digital spaces with mechanisms that ensure responsibility and trustworthiness in public communication.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
- I have still to be brother to a Prince, though I once came near to kinship with what might have been a veritable King, and was promised the reversion of a Kingdom, army, law-courts, revenue, and policy, all complete. But, today, I greatly fear that my King is dead, and if I want a crown I must go and hunt it for myself. The beginning of everything was in a railway train upon the road to Mhow from Ajmir. There had been a deficit in the Budget, which necessitated travelling, not Second class, which is only half as dear as First class, but by Intermediate, which is very awful indeed. There are no cushions in the Intermediate class, and the population is either Intermediate, which is Eurasian, or native, which for a long night journey is nasty; or Loafer, which is amusing though intoxicated. Intermediates do not patronize refreshment rooms. They carry their food in bundles and pots, and buy sweets from the native sweet meat sellers, and drink the roadside water. That is why in the hot weather Intermediates are taken out of the carriages dead, and in all weathers are most properly looked down upon.
My particular Intermediate happened to be empty till I reached Nasirabad, when a huge gentleman in shirt sleeves entered, and following the custom of Intermediates, passed the time of day. He was a wanderer and a vagabond like myself, but with an educated taste for alcohol. He told daring tales of things he had seen and done, of out-of-the-way corners of the Empire into which he had penetrated, and of adventures in which he risked his life for a few days’ food. “If India was filled with men like you and me, not knowing more than the crows where they’d get their next day’s rations, it isn’t seventy millions of revenue the land would be paying, it’s seven hundred millions,” said he; and as I looked at his mouth and chin I was disposed to agree with him.
We talked politics, the politics of Loaferdom that sees things from the underside where the lath and plaster is not smoothed off, and we talked postal arrangements because my friend wanted to send a telegram back from the next station to Ajmir, which is the turning off place from the Bombay to the Mhow line as you travel westward. He had the air of one who had seen strange countries and stranger men, yet bore himself without vanity. There was a restless light in his eyes, the sort that belongs to men who have lived too long without a fixed purpose. When he spoke of the Empire, it was not with loyalty nor with bitterness, but with the detached amusement of one who has played his part and lost interest in the game. His laughter came easily, though it seemed to echo from some remembered hardship. It struck me then that his stories were less of adventure than of survival.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Democracy, often hailed as the most equitable form of governance, is a system where power ultimately rests in the hands of the people. The word derives from the Greek words ”demos” meaning people and ”kratos” meaning power or rule. Democracy aims to provide equal political participation and protect the individual freedoms of all citizens. However, while the idea of democracy is simple, its practice is frequently complex and fraught with challenges. At its core, democracy functions on the principle of majority rule, yet it simultaneously guarantees the protection of minority rights.
This balance ensures that while the majority has the power to make decisions through voting, the fundamental rights of minorities are not trampled upon. Such a system requires consistent vigilance and respect for the rule of law. Without these, democracies can devolve into majoritarian tyranny or authoritarianism. The practice of democracy is not merely limited to voting in elections. It encompasses freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, free press, and protection of individual rights. These elements together create a political environment where citizens can express dissent, hold leaders accountable, and participate actively in decision-making. When any component is weakened, the democratic process becomes vulnerable.
In recent times, democratic societies worldwide have grappled with new challenges. The rise of misinformation and fake news has eroded public trust in institutions and polarized societies. Social media platforms, meant to facilitate communication, have sometimes amplified divisive narratives and falsehoods. This has resulted in voter manipulation and a growing skepticism toward democratic processes. Literacy in media and critical thinking is increasingly vital to safeguard democracy from such threats. Economic inequality poses another significant challenge. While democracy promises equal rights politically, vast disparities in wealth and opportunity undermine this ideal.
This phenomenon raises questions about whether democracy is achievable without addressing socioeconomic inequalities. Furthermore, the involvement of citizens is crucial. Democracy requires that people are informed, engaged, and willing to participate beyond casting votes. Civic education and awareness campaigns play an essential role in nurturing responsible citizenship. Apathy or disengagement weakens the democratic fabric, opening avenues for corruption and other dangers to the system. In conclusion, democracy thrives on the collective responsibility of governments and citizens to protect its pillars and ensure inclusive, fair governance.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
The Rule of Law
by Tom BinghamJustice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?
by Michael J. SandelLetters to a Law Student
by Nicholas J. McBrideIn The Rule of Law, former Lord Chief Justice Tom Bingham explores how the principle of legality underpins modern democratic life. He defines the rule of law as more than just adherence to formal rules; it is the assurance that power is exercised within clear, fair, and publicly known boundaries.
Bingham distills the concept into eight principles, including equality before the law, access to justice, and respect for fundamental human rights. Drawing on cases and historical examples, he warns that national security and administrative efficiency must never override the rights of individuals.
The book bridges legal philosophy and practice, arguing that law must be both predictable and humane. For Bingham, the rule of law represents a moral ideal, one that sustains public trust in justice and curbs arbitrary governance.Michael Sandel’s Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? examines moral reasoning in law and politics. Through examples like price gouging, affirmative action, and taxation, Sandel invites readers to explore competing notions of fairness.
He engages with philosophical traditions such as utilitarianism, libertarianism, and Rawlsian egalitarianism, showing that questions of justice cannot be separated from questions of virtue and the common good.
Sandel rejects the idea of a morally “neutral” legal system, arguing that public deliberation about values is essential to democracy. Ultimately, he argues that a just society is one that cultivates civic responsibility, not merely individual rights.Nicholas McBride’s Letters to a Law Student is a practical and reflective guide for aspiring lawyers. Written as a series of letters to a student beginning law school, it explores what legal study truly involves.
This includes mastering case analysis, understanding precedents, and developing critical reasoning. McBride distinguishes between knowing the law and thinking like a lawyer, the latter requiring analytical discipline and ethical awareness.
He emphasizes that good lawyers combine intellectual rigor with moral judgment and clarity of expression. Beyond academic success, the book urges students to reflect on law’s purpose, balancing order, justice, and compassion in human affairs.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Urban gardening has become increasingly popular as a means to address food security, sustainability, and mental well-being in cities. By growing their own fruits, vegetables, and herbs, individuals can reduce their reliance on commercial supply chains that contribute to extensive transportation, energy consumption, and synthetic chemical use. In addition to providing fresh, nutritious food, urban gardening also contributes to environmental sustainability by mitigating urban heat island effects, improving air quality, and managing water runoff. Furthermore, it offers psychological benefits, including reduced stress, improved mood, and a sense of accomplishment. Despite its many benefits, urban gardening faces challenges like space limitations, poor soil quality, and inadequate sunlight, which gardeners overcome using innovative techniques such as vertical farming and hydroponics.
- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Questions Asked in CMAT exam
Study the given pie charts carefully to answer the questions that follows
- CMAT - 2025
- Pie Charts
Pick the correct option to complete the following sentence.
The officer was pleased _____ the work his subordinate did.
- CMAT - 2025
- Grammar
”Although Babur and Humayun,–(i)– the Delhi Sultanate that ruled previously, had considered Delhi to be their capital, Akbar had shifted it to Agra. Forts, palaces and mausoleums of peerless grandeur came up in just a few years. Jahangir and in the early part of his reign, Shahjahan, continued to–(ii)– Akbarabad. But now, the Emperor wanted to build a fine new city for his–(iii)–, which would bear his name and outstretch the creation of his grandfather, in both splendour and scale”.
- CMAT - 2025
- Grammar
Choose the alternative which best expresses the opposite meaning of the underlined phrase in the following sentence.
You should not \(\underline{look\ down\ upon}\) those who are financially weak.- CMAT - 2025
- Synonyms or Antonyms
Venture Capital financing is _______
(A) Type of financing by venture capital.
(B) It is private equity capital provided as seed funding to early stage.
(C) Investment in blue chip companies for assured return.
(D) It is a high risk investment made with an intention of creating high returns.
(E) Done in technology projects only.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
- CMAT - 2025
- Financial Markets