Comprehension
Read the following passage and answer the next five questions by choosing the correct options:
Multicultural emphasises the importance of cultural diversity. It recognises the dignity and importance of cultural distinctiveness. It reiterates that cultural differences are natural phenomena. Cultural diversity, diverse ideas, perspectives and beliefs enhance our vision of a better society. Multiculturalism stands for heterogeneity and diversity. It is an inclusive process in which all cultures are valued.
In India, immigration and multiculturalism are as old as recorded history. Since time immemorial, wave after wave of ethnically and culturally diverse people have poured into India, settled here, and assimilated into its mosaic. Each community, while interacting and being influenced by the others, retained its own identity. customs, beliefs and ways of life. It has truly been said that Indian culture is a 'culture of cultures', like a beehive of interlocking cells.
Hinduism has played a seminal role in shaping the Indian mind and character. It has dogma, no prophet, no single sacred book. It believes in freedom of thought and expression. It encompasses different forms of belief: monotheism, polytheism, agnosticism as well as atheism. Hinduism is also the foundation of a general sprit of tolerance and acceptance of the 'other', the belief that different paths can lead to the same goal. Hinduism's flexibility has endowed Indian civilisation with a unique resilience and power of absorptive survival.
The 700 years of Muslim rule from the 11-12th century bequeathed a mixed legacy. Politically, Islam in India represented subjugation. But culturally, it generated outstanding creative achievement and synthesis. The centuries of Muslim rule impacted all aspects of Indian life producing a composite Indi-Islamic culture.
British colonial rule replaced Muslim rule, adding one more layer to India's plural personality. India's exposure to the West was both debilitating and nourishing. On the one hand, colonial rule devalued Indian civilisation by claiming and justifying 'civilising mission' of British. On the other hand, the work of great European Ideologists helped India rediscover her classical literature, her forgotten wisdom and values.
It is striking how the intellectual journey of the leaders of the Indian renaissance went from India to the the West, before returning to India with a new-found sense of Indianness. All of them represented a mingling of East and West, a synthesis of European and Indian thought.
This was the background to the emergence of an independent, democratic India in 1947, after the bloodbath of Partition. We are the most complex and diverse society on earth. Today's India has over a billion Hindus, 150 million Muslims, 24 million Christians and 24 million Sikhs, apart from several smaller but important denominations. In addition to English and Hindi, we speak more than 20 major languages and some 22,000 dialects. Each religion is further sliced and diced by caste, sub-caste and region. There are also thousands of tribal groups with distinct ethnic and cultural identities. Each of India's states has its own centuries-old flourishing culture, with further internal diversions.
Multicultural emphasises the importance of cultural diversity. It recognises the dignity and importance of cultural distinctiveness. It reiterates that cultural differences are natural phenomena. Cultural diversity, diverse ideas, perspectives and beliefs enhance our vision of a better society. Multiculturalism stands for heterogeneity and diversity. It is an inclusive process in which all cultures are valued.
In India, immigration and multiculturalism are as old as recorded history. Since time immemorial, wave after wave of ethnically and culturally diverse people have poured into India, settled here, and assimilated into its mosaic. Each community, while interacting and being influenced by the others, retained its own identity. customs, beliefs and ways of life. It has truly been said that Indian culture is a 'culture of cultures', like a beehive of interlocking cells.
Hinduism has played a seminal role in shaping the Indian mind and character. It has dogma, no prophet, no single sacred book. It believes in freedom of thought and expression. It encompasses different forms of belief: monotheism, polytheism, agnosticism as well as atheism. Hinduism is also the foundation of a general sprit of tolerance and acceptance of the 'other', the belief that different paths can lead to the same goal. Hinduism's flexibility has endowed Indian civilisation with a unique resilience and power of absorptive survival.
The 700 years of Muslim rule from the 11-12th century bequeathed a mixed legacy. Politically, Islam in India represented subjugation. But culturally, it generated outstanding creative achievement and synthesis. The centuries of Muslim rule impacted all aspects of Indian life producing a composite Indi-Islamic culture.
British colonial rule replaced Muslim rule, adding one more layer to India's plural personality. India's exposure to the West was both debilitating and nourishing. On the one hand, colonial rule devalued Indian civilisation by claiming and justifying 'civilising mission' of British. On the other hand, the work of great European Ideologists helped India rediscover her classical literature, her forgotten wisdom and values.
It is striking how the intellectual journey of the leaders of the Indian renaissance went from India to the the West, before returning to India with a new-found sense of Indianness. All of them represented a mingling of East and West, a synthesis of European and Indian thought.
This was the background to the emergence of an independent, democratic India in 1947, after the bloodbath of Partition. We are the most complex and diverse society on earth. Today's India has over a billion Hindus, 150 million Muslims, 24 million Christians and 24 million Sikhs, apart from several smaller but important denominations. In addition to English and Hindi, we speak more than 20 major languages and some 22,000 dialects. Each religion is further sliced and diced by caste, sub-caste and region. There are also thousands of tribal groups with distinct ethnic and cultural identities. Each of India's states has its own centuries-old flourishing culture, with further internal diversions.
Question: 1
Match List I with List II to explain the terms in List II LIST I LIST II A. Monotheism I. An absence of belief in the existence of deities. B. Polytheism II. The belief that the existence of God is unknown or unkonwable. C. Agnosticism III. A doctrine or belief that there is only one God. D. Atheism IV. A belief in the worship of more than one God.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II to explain the terms in List II
| LIST I | LIST II | ||
| A. | Monotheism | I. | An absence of belief in the existence of deities. |
| B. | Polytheism | II. | The belief that the existence of God is unknown or unkonwable. |
| C. | Agnosticism | III. | A doctrine or belief that there is only one God. |
| D. | Atheism | IV. | A belief in the worship of more than one God. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Updated On: Mar 11, 2024
- A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
- A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
- A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
- A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is(B):A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
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Question: 2
Which of the following is not a feature of multiculturalism?
Which of the following is not a feature of multiculturalism?
Updated On: Mar 11, 2024
- It reiterates that cultural differences are a natural phenomena.
- It stands for the intermixture and diversity of cultures.
- It is an inclusive process in which all cultures are valued.
- It recognizes the decorum and significance of cultural similarities.
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is(D):It recognizes the decorum and significance of cultural similarities.
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Question: 3
The writer says that Indian "culture is a culture of cultures like a beehive of interlocking cells." By this he means.
The writer says that Indian "culture is a culture of cultures like a beehive of interlocking cells." By this he means.
Updated On: Mar 11, 2024
- Each culture is affected by the other cultures that it comes into contact with and so is Indian culture.
- Indian culture is very intricate and obscure like a beehive.
- Diverse cultures and ethnicities are woven into the fabric of Indian culture, each retaining their individual identity.
- Indian culture is the outcome of immigration by different people from time immemorial.
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is(C):Diverse cultures and ethnicities are woven into the fabric of Indian culture, each retaining their individual identity.
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Question: 4
The colonial rule in India, while justifying its "Civilising mission" also helped India rediscover her literature, wisdom and values. The statement affirms that:
The colonial rule in India, while justifying its "Civilising mission" also helped India rediscover her literature, wisdom and values. The statement affirms that:
Updated On: Mar 11, 2024
- India stood to advantage as she was duly civilized by the west.
- The colonial influence only added another layer to India's already plural personality.
- The West exposed India's inequality to hold on to its heritage of literature, wisdom and values.
- India's exposure to the West was progressive in one way.
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is(D):India's exposure to the West was progressive in one way.
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Question: 5
Match List I with List II LIST I LIST II A. Hinduism I. Aided the rediscovery of classical literature, forgotten wisdom and values. B. Leaders of Indian Rennaissance II. Led to outstanding creative achievement and synthesis. C. European Endologists III. Played a seminal role in shaping Indian mind and character. D. Mixed legacy of Muslim rule IV. Represented a synthesis of European and Indian thought.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List I with List II
| LIST I | LIST II | ||
| A. | Hinduism | I. | Aided the rediscovery of classical literature, forgotten wisdom and values. |
| B. | Leaders of Indian Rennaissance | II. | Led to outstanding creative achievement and synthesis. |
| C. | European Endologists | III. | Played a seminal role in shaping Indian mind and character. |
| D. | Mixed legacy of Muslim rule | IV. | Represented a synthesis of European and Indian thought. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Updated On: Mar 11, 2024
- A-II, B-I, C-II, D-IV
- A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
- A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
- A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is(B):A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
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Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
- Read the excerpt from a Handicrafts Manual: ‘Advanced Knitting Techniques’ and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
THE FAIR ISLE METHOD: Fair Isle knitting is a traditional technique that involves using two or more colours of yarn in a single row to create intricate patterns and designs. This method requires careful tension management to ensure even stitches and prevent puckering. To begin, select your colours and cast on the desired number of stitches. As you knit, alternate between colours every few stitches, carrying the unused yarn along the back of the work. Mastering the Fair Isle technique allows you to create stunning visual effects in garments, accessories, and home textiles.
THE CONTINENTAL STYLE: The Continental knitting style, often referred to as “picking,” involves holding the yarn in the left hand while the right hand manipulates the needles. This method allows for greater speed and efficiency, particularly when working with complex patterns or multiple colours. To practice this style, start by casting on your stitches and using your left hand to tension the yarn. With each stitch, simply “pick” the yarn with your right needle, forming a quick and fluid motion. As you become comfortable with this technique, you may find that your overall knitting speed and comfort improve significantly.
THE SHORT-ROW TECHNIQUE: Short-row knitting is an advanced technique that allows for the creation of shaped garments, such as sleeves and shoulders, without the need for complex shaping. To make a sleeve using this technique, begin by casting on the required number of stitches. Work a portion of the row, then turn your work and return without completing the full row to create the “short rows” that shape the curves of the sleeve. To prevent holes at the turn, wrap the stitch before you turn your work. Repeat this process as needed to achieve the desired shaping and dimension of the sleeve. Once you have shaped the sleeve, you can then sew the side seams to connect the pieces of your garment and finally, complete the edges to ensure a clean finish. This method not only helps shape curves but also adds dimension to your piece, allowing you to enhance fit and style.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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The Story of Coffee
Coffee, a beloved beverage enjoyed by millions around the globe, has a rich and captivating history that spans centuries. The story of coffee begins in the ancient highlands of Ethiopia, where, according to legend, a goat herder named Kaldi discovered the stimulating effects of coffee beans. One day, Kaldi noticed his goats frolicking with unusual energy after eating red berries from a certain tree. Curious, he tried the berries himself and experienced a newfound alertness. This discovery soon spread to monasteries, where monks used it to stay awake during long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation and consumption spread to the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen, where the practice of roasting coffee beans and brewing the drink began to take shape. By the 15th century, coffee had become a popular beverage in the Islamic world, with coffee houses known as ‘qahveh khaneh’ emerging as social hubs for conversation, music, and intellectual exchange. These coffee houses became centers of culture and commerce, influencing the spread of coffee to Turkey and beyond, eventually reaching Europe. In Europe, coffee initially faced resistance from religious authorities who considered it a ‘Muslim drink’ and tried to ban it. However, its popularity persisted, and by the 17th century, coffee houses had sprung up in major European cities, becoming important gathering places for artists, writers, and thinkers. The stimulating effects of coffee were embraced during the Age of Enlightenment, where it was seen as a catalyst for intellectual discussion and innovation. The journey of coffee continued with the establishment of colonial plantations in tropical regions such as the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. These plantations fuelled the global demand for coffee, transforming it from a regional specialty to a major commodity. The industrial revolution further accelerated coffee production and consumption, leading to innovations in coffee brewing methods and the development of instant coffee. In the modern era, coffee has evolved into a deeply ingrained part of daily life for people worldwide. Its cultural significance spans from the bustling cafes of Paris to the quiet coffee farms of Colombia. Today, coffee remains not only a popular beverage but also a symbol of social interaction, productivity, and enjoyment. Whether sipped slowly over a conversation with friends or grabbed hastily on the way to work, the story of coffee continues to unfold, intertwining with the histories and cultures of countless societies across the globe.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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The intricate world of modern manufacturing is a web of precision and innovation, where even the tiniest components play a pivotal role. One such element, often overlooked but crucial, is the sub-subpart. Whether it’s a carpenter fashioning a bespoke piece of furniture or an automobile engineer designing the next generation of vehicles, the creation of sub-subparts is a fundamental process that demands meticulous craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. In the realm of woodworking, carpenters frequently work with sub-subparts like dowels, screws, and hinges. These minute components may appear insignificant, yet they determine the structural integrity and functionality of the final product. Crafting a dowel, for instance, begins with selecting the appropriate wood species, followed by precision cutting and shaping. The result is a perfectly cylindrical, sturdy sub-subpart that seamlessly joins two larger pieces of wood. The advent of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines has revolutionised this process, enabling carpenters to create sub-subparts with unparalleled precision.
Similarly, in the automobile industry, sub-subparts are the unsung heroes of vehicle construction. Take, for instance, the ball bearing—a minuscule but essential component in the wheels and transmission system. Manufacturing these precision-engineered spheres involves intricate processes like forging, heat treatment, and precision machining. Modern techniques such as laser cutting and 3D printing have streamlined production, ensuring that these sub-subparts meet the demanding standards of the automotive sector. The manufacturing of sub-subparts is a testament to the convergence of traditional craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. Whether it’s a carpenter’s workshop or a high-tech automotive assembly line, the quest for perfection in sub-subpart creation remains unwavering. The attention to detail and precision required in these processes is a testament to the dedication of craftsmen and engineers alike.
To conclude, while sub-subparts may be small in size, their significance in various industries cannot be overstated. Whether it’s a carpenter working on a timeless piece of furniture or an automotive engineer striving for superior performance, the manufacturing of sub-subparts is a crucial step towards achieving excellence in craftsmanship and technology. This fusion of tradition and innovation accentuates the essence of modern manufacturing.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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