Step 1: Identify the concept.
This refers to **National Income Accounting**. National income data collection helps in measuring the total economic output of a country.
Step 2: Purpose.
The primary purpose of collecting National Income data is to assess the overall economic health, plan policies, and understand the income distribution in the country.
Step 3: Conclude.
Therefore, Rani is collecting data for the study of India's National Income to understand economic indicators like GDP, GNP, etc.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{National \; Income \; Accounting} \]