Step 1: Understanding the Protection of Environment under Indian Law:
The Constitution of India incorporates the protection of the environment as both a Directive Principle of State Policy and a Fundamental Duty. This dual recognition ensures that both the government and citizens are responsible for protecting the environment.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation of the Options:
- (A) Constitutional Duty: This is partially correct, as protection of the environment is considered a duty under Fundamental Duties (Article 51A).
- (B) Directive Principle: This is partially correct, as the protection of the environment is mentioned under the Directive Principles (Article 48A).
- (C) Fundamental Duty: This is partially correct as well, as it forms part of the Fundamental Duties (Article 51A).
- (D) Both (B) & (C): This is the correct answer, as the protection of the environment is both a Directive Principle (Article 48A) and a Fundamental Duty (Article 51A).
Step 3: Final Conclusion:
The correct answer is (D) Both (B) & (C), as the protection of the environment is enshrined as both a Directive Principle and a Fundamental Duty in the Constitution of India.