Question:

Presence of a nitro group in a benzene ring

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022
  • activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution
  • renders the ring basic
  • deactivates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution
  • deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

$- NO_2$ group shows - M effect, so withdraws the electron density from the ring and hence deactivate the ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. Hence, (4) is correct.
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Concepts Used:

Aromatic hydrocarbon

Aromatic hydrocarbons, sometimes known as arenes, are aromatic organic molecules made up entirely of carbon and hydrogen. In aromatic compounds a benzene ring which is named after the simple aromatic chemical benzene, or a phenyl group when part of a larger structure, is the configuration of six carbon atoms.

Read More: Aromaticity

Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons:

1. Aromatic Substitution Reactions

This reaction involves the replacement of one substituent on the ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon, commonly a hydrogen atom, by a different substituent group.

The common types of aromatic substitution reactions are:

  • Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions
  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions
  • Radical nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions

2. Coupling Reactions

In these types of reactions, the coupling of two fragments that have a radical nature is achieved with the help of a metal catalyst