Step 1: Understanding the question.
Migration can occur due to various factors, both positive and negative. The negative (or adverse) factors that lead to migration are often referred to as "push factors." These are the conditions that compel individuals to leave their home country or region.
Step 2: Two adverse causes of migration.
1. Economic hardship: Lack of employment opportunities, poverty, and insufficient wages often compel people to migrate in search of better economic conditions.
2. Environmental factors: Natural disasters, climate change, and environmental degradation (such as droughts, floods, or famine) push people to migrate to more stable and secure areas.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The two main adverse causes of migration are economic hardship and environmental factors, which force individuals to seek better opportunities and safer living conditions.