Photons are classified as bosons because they have integer spin (s = 1) and follow Bose-Einstein statistics. Characteristics include:
• Force carriers: Photons mediate electromagnetic interactions.
• No Pauli exclusion: Unlike fermions, multiple photons can occupy the same quantum state.
• Examples: Other bosons include gluons, W/Z bosons, and the Higgs boson.
Europium (Eu) resembles Calcium (Ca) in the following ways:
(A). Both are diamagnetic
(B). Insolubility of their sulphates and carbonates in water
(C). Solubility of these metals in liquid NH3
(D). Insolubility of their dichlorides in strong HCI
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: