Question

Phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution more easily than benzene because

• A. \( \text{-OH} \) group exhibits +M effect and hence increases the electron density on the \( \alpha- \) and \( \beta- \) positions.
• B. \( \text{-OH} \) group exhibits \( -M \) effect and hence decreases the electron density on the \( \alpha- \) and \( \beta- \) positions.
• C. Oxocation is more stable than the carbocation.
• D. Both (a) and (b)

Hint:

Electron-donating groups like \( \text{-OH} \) make the aromatic ring more reactive towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: +M Effect of \( \text{-OH} \).
The hydroxyl group (-OH) is an electron-donating group via resonance (the +M effect). This increases the electron density at the \( \alpha- \) and \( \beta- \) positions of the aromatic ring, making electrophilic substitution easier.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A), \( \text{-OH} \) group exhibits +M effect.