Step 1: Anatomy of the testes. The testes are covered by multiple layers for protection and structural integrity: 1. Tunica vaginalis: The outermost layer derived from the peritoneum. 2. Tunica albuginea: A dense fibrous layer beneath the tunica vaginalis, providing support. 3. Tunica vasculosa: The innermost vascular layer.
Step 2: Explanation of tunica vaginalis. The tunica vaginalis is a double-layered serous membrane covering the testes. It reduces friction and provides protection during movement.
Step 3: Comparison with other options. - Option \( (A) \): Tunica albuginea is a fibrous layer located beneath the tunica vaginalis. - Option \( (C) \): Tunica media is not related to the testes; it refers to a layer in blood vessels. - Option \( (D) \): Tunica vasculosa is the innermost vascular layer of the testes.
Conclusion: The outer covering of the testes is \( (B) \ \text{Tunica vaginalis} \).
Antibody | Description |
---|---|
P. IgE | (i) Cross the placenta |
Q. IgG | (ii) Dominant antibody produced in immune responses |
R. IgM | (iii) It is found in the mother's milk |
S. IgA | (iv) Responsible for autoimmune responses including allergies |