Question

Other than public awareness and counselling, enlist four measures taken up by NACO, WHO and other NGOs to prevent the spread of HIV infection in the society.

Hint:

Remember — fragmentation reduces population size and gene flow, increasing extinction risks.

Answer 1

Step 1: Public awareness and counselling are essential to prevent HIV spread. In addition to these, the following measures are taken:

• Ensuring safe blood transfusion by proper screening.
• Use of disposable syringes and needles.
• Promoting safe sex practices (e.g., use of condoms).
• Providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to infected individuals.

Step 2: Organizations like NACO and WHO also promote voluntary testing and confidentiality to reduce stigma and improve early diagnosis.