Question

Mention the two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making the core of a transformer.

Hint:

Transformer core material = High magnetic permeability + Low hysteresis loss. Common material: Silicon steel.

Answer 1

The core of a transformer is made from a magnetic material that is highly efficient in conducting magnetic flux. The two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making the core of a transformer are:
1. High Magnetic Permeability:
The material used for the core should have high magnetic permeability (\(\mu\)), meaning it can easily allow magnetic lines of force to pass through. This ensures that the transformer operates efficiently by reducing energy losses. High magnetic permeability results in a strong magnetic field with less effort and less energy consumption. Materials such as silicon steel are often used for transformer cores because of their high permeability.
2. Low Hysteresis Loss:
The material should have low hysteresis loss, meaning that it should not lose a significant amount of energy when the magnetic field is reversed. Hysteresis loss is the energy lost as heat when the magnetic domains within the material realign with the alternating magnetic field. A material with low hysteresis loss ensures that the transformer operates efficiently, with minimal energy dissipation. Again, silicon steel is commonly used for transformer cores because of its low hysteresis loss.
In summary, a good transformer core material should have high magnetic permeability and low hysteresis loss to maximize energy efficiency.