Question

Members of which kingdom have cell walls and are all heterotrophic?

• A. Plantae
• B. Fungi
• C. Animalia
• D. Protista

Hint:

Cell wall + autotrophic → Plantae
Cell wall + heterotrophic → Fungi
No cell wall + heterotrophic → Animalia Always check \emph{both} structure and nutrition in kingdom-level questions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Examine each kingdom with respect to cell wall and mode of nutrition.
Plantae: Have cell walls (cellulose) but are autotrophic (photosynthetic).
Fungi: Have cell walls (mainly chitin) and are entirely heterotrophic.
Animalia: Are heterotrophic but do not have cell walls.
Protista: May or may not have cell walls, and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Step 2: Identify the kingdom satisfying both conditions. Only Fungi possess:
a definite cell wall, and
exclusively heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Hence, the correct answer is \[ \boxed{\text{Fungi}} \]