The Meissner effect describes the expulsion of magnetic fields from a superconductor when it is cooled below its critical temperature. Key features:
• Perfect diamagnetism: Magnetic susceptibility becomes −1.
• Superconducting state: The material transitions to zero electrical resistance.
• Applications: Used in magnetic levitation and superconducting magnets.
Match List-I with List-II 
Match List-I with List-II\[\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \textbf{Provision} & \textbf{Case Law} \\ \hline \text{(A) Strict Liability} & \text{(1) Ryland v. Fletcher} \\ \hline \text{(B) Absolute Liability} & \text{(II) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India} \\ \hline \text{(C) Negligence} & \text{(III) Nicholas v. Marsland} \\ \hline \text{(D) Act of God} & \text{(IV) MCD v. Subhagwanti} \\ \hline \end{array}\]