Step 1: Observe the mapping.
Each Indian state is written in Sinhala/Indic script and matched with the English name:
- = Chhattisgarh
- = Kerala
- = Punjab
- = Gujarat
Step 2: Identify pattern.
The words are phonetic renderings of Indian state names. The missing one must be “Maharashtra.”
Step 3: Compare options.
- (A) Tamil Nadu (different state).
- (B) Rajasthan (different state).
- (C) Tripura (different state).
- (D) महाराष्ट्र (Maharashtra) → Correct.
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\text{D}}
\]