Question

Match the following

List I	List II	List III
(A) One seeded bits of fruits	(II) Mericarps	(iv) Schizocarpic
(B) Jack fruit	(I) Composite	(iii) Entire inflorescence
(C) Fleshy thalamus	(IV) Apple	(i) Pome
(D) Fused pericarp & seed coat	(III) Caryopsis	(ii) Rice

• A. A IV iv, B III ii, C III ii, D IV i
• B. A IV iv, B III i, C IV iii, D II ii
• C. A II iv, B I iii, C IV i, D III ii
• D. A IV iv, B III ii, C III i, D IV ii

Hint:

A pome (e.g., apple) is a false fruit where the fleshy part is the thalamus, not the ovary wall. A caryopsis (e.g., rice) is a grain where the pericarp and seed coat are fused, typical in grasses.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

This question requires matching items from List I (plant structures or descriptions), List II (types of fruits or structures), and List III (examples or characteristics). Let’s analyze each item in List I and find the correct matches step by step. - A) One seeded bits of fruits "One seeded bits of fruits" refers to small, one-seeded fruitlets that are part of a larger fruit structure. This description fits the concept of mericarps, which are individual one-seeded segments of a schizocarpic fruit. A schizocarpic fruit splits into one-seeded units called mericarps at maturity, as seen in plants like those in the Apiaceae family (e.g., fennel or coriander). The term "schizocarpic" in List III directly relates to this type of fruit, describing the splitting nature of the fruit into mericarps. Therefore, "One seeded bits of fruits" matches with Mericarps (List II: II) and Schizocarpic (List III: iv). Match: A II iv. - B) Jack fruit Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a large tropical fruit known for its multiple fruit structure. It is classified as a composite fruit (also called a multiple fruit), which develops from an entire inflorescence (a cluster of flowers). In jack fruit, the individual flowers of the inflorescence fuse together to form a single large fruit, with each flower contributing to the fleshy edible parts. The term "composite" in List II refers to this type of fruit, and "entire inflorescence" in List III describes the origin of such a fruit. Therefore, Jack fruit matches with Composite (List II: I) and Entire inflorescence (List III: iii). Match: B I iii. - C) Fleshy thalamus The thalamus (or receptacle) is the part of the flower that supports the floral organs. A "fleshy thalamus" indicates that this part becomes fleshy and forms a significant portion of the fruit. This is characteristic of a pome, a type of false fruit where the thalamus becomes fleshy and surrounds the true fruit (the core with seeds). Apples (Malus domestica) are a classic example of a pome, where the edible fleshy part is primarily the thalamus, and the true fruit is the central core containing the seeds. In List II, Apple (IV) represents this type of fruit, and in List III, Pome (i) is the corresponding classification. Therefore, Fleshy thalamus matches with Apple (List II: IV) and Pome (List III: i). Match: C IV i. - D) Fused pericarp & seed coat "Fused pericarp & seed coat" refers to a fruit where the pericarp (the fruit wall) and the seed coat are fused together, making them inseparable. This is a defining characteristic of a caryopsis, a type of dry fruit commonly seen in grasses. In a caryopsis, the seed coat fuses with the pericarp, forming a single grain. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a well-known example of a caryopsis, where the grain consists of the fused pericarp and seed coat enclosing the embryo and endosperm. Therefore, Fused pericarp & seed coat matches with Caryopsis (List II: III) and Rice (List III: ii). Match: D III ii. Now, let’s summarize the matches: - A) One seeded bits of fruits → Mericarps (II) → Schizocarpic (iv) - B) Jack fruit → Composite (I) → Entire inflorescence (iii) - C) Fleshy thalamus → Apple (IV) → Pome (i) - D) Fused pericarp & seed coat → Caryopsis (III) → Rice (ii) This gives us: A II iv, B I iii, C IV i, D III ii. Let’s evaluate the options: - Option 1: A IV iv, B III ii, C III ii, D IV i A (One seeded bits) is not Apple (IV). B (Jack fruit) is not Caryopsis (III). C (Fleshy thalamus) is not Caryopsis (III). D (Fused pericarp & seed coat) is not Apple (IV). This option is incorrect. - Option 2: A IV iv, B III i, C IV iii, D II ii A (One seeded bits) is not Apple (IV). B (Jack fruit) is not Caryopsis (III). C (Fleshy thalamus) matches Apple (IV) but not Entire inflorescence (iii). D (Fused pericarp & seed coat) is not Mericarps (II). This option is incorrect. - Option 3: A II iv, B I iii, C IV i, D III ii A (One seeded bits) matches Mericarps (II) and Schizocarpic (iv). B (Jack fruit) matches Composite (I) and Entire inflorescence (iii). C (Fleshy thalamus) matches Apple (IV) and Pome (i). D (Fused pericarp & seed coat) matches Caryopsis (III) and Rice (ii). This option is correct. - Option 4: A IV iv, B III ii, C III i, D IV ii A (One seeded bits) is not Apple (IV). B (Jack fruit) is not Caryopsis (III). C (Fleshy thalamus) is not Caryopsis (III). D (Fused pericarp & seed coat) is not Apple (IV). This option is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is (3) A II iv, B I iii, C IV i, D III ii, which corresponds to the matches we determined. Thus, the correct answer is A II iv, B I iii, C IV i, D III ii.

Answer 2

Match the following

List I	List II	List III
(A) One seeded bits of fruits	(II) Mericarps	(iv) Schizocarpic
(B) Jack fruit	(I) Composite	(iii) Entire inflorescence
(C) Fleshy thalamus	(IV) Apple	(i) Pome
(D) Fused pericarp & seed coat	(III) Caryopsis	(ii) Rice

Correct Answer: A II iv, B I iii, C IV i, D III ii

Solution:
Understanding fruit types and their botanical characteristics is crucial in plant biology. This matching links fruit descriptions (List I) to their botanical classifications (List II) and additional characteristics (List III).

A) One seeded bits of fruits are known as mericarps, which are parts of a fruit that split into single-seeded segments. These fruits are schizocarpic in nature, meaning they split into single-seeded parts at maturity. Hence, A matches with II (Mericarps) and iv (Schizocarpic).

B) Jackfruit is an example of a composite fruit, meaning it is formed from the fusion of many flowers (inflorescence). So, it matches I (Composite) and iii (Entire inflorescence). Jackfruit develops from multiple flowers fused together, making it a typical multiple fruit.

C) Apple is characterized by a fleshy thalamus (the enlarged floral axis that becomes fleshy). It is classified as a pome fruit, which means the fleshy part comes mainly from the thalamus, not the ovary. Thus, C matches IV (Apple) and i (Pome).

D) In cereals like rice, the pericarp is fused with the seed coat, forming a caryopsis fruit type. Caryopsis is a dry, one-seeded fruit typical of grasses. Therefore, D corresponds to III (Caryopsis) and ii (Rice).

This understanding helps in identifying and classifying fruits based on their development and structure.