Question

Match the biases/effects in the first column with the descriptions in the second column of the table given below.

Biases/effects	Descriptions
P) Barnum Effect	iv) Tendency to believe in description of personality that is supposedly descriptive of oneself, but could in fact describe almost anyone
Q) Reference Group Effect	iii) Tendency to rate oneself with respect to one’s social and cultural group
R) Self-Serving Bias	i) Tendency to take credit for one’s success but downplaying responsibility for one’s failure
S) Self-Effacing Bias	ii) Tendency to take blame for failure but downplay one’s role in the success

• A. P-(i), Q-(iii), R-(ii), S-(iv)
• B. P-(iv), Q-(iii), R-(i), S-(ii)
• C. P-(iv), Q-(iii), R-(ii), S-(i)
• D. P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(ii), S-(iii)

Hint:

Memory hook: {Barnum = broad}; {Reference = group norms}; {Self-serving = success credit}; {Self-effacing = success shrink}.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Recall definitions.
P) Barnum Effect — believing very vague, general personality statements apply uniquely to oneself (e.g., horoscopes). $\Rightarrow$ (iv).
Q) Reference Group Effect — rating oneself relative to one's social/cultural group norms. $\Rightarrow$ (iii).
R) Self-Serving Bias — crediting oneself for success while externalizing failures. $\Rightarrow$ (i).
S) Self-Effacing (Modesty) Bias — taking blame for failures and downplaying success. $\Rightarrow$ (ii).

Step 2: Match to the option.
The mapping \(P\!\to\!(iv),\; Q\!\to\!(iii),\; R\!\to\!(i),\; S\!\to\!(ii)\) corresponds to option (B).