Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Stage of Demographic Transition)	List-II (Country/Tribe)
(A) High Fluctuating Stage	(I) Rainforest tribes
(B) Early Expanding Stage	(II) Angola
(C) Low Fluctuating Stage	(III) India
(D) Late Expanding Stage	(IV) Japan

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A)-(I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• B. (A)-(I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• C. (A)-(I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• D. (A)- (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The question requires matching stages of demographic transition with corresponding countries or tribes. Let's examine these stages and the respective matches: 

Stages of Demographic Transition

(A) High Fluctuating Stage
This stage is characterized by high birth and death rates, leading to a stable and low population growth. This is typical of pre-industrial societies, often seen in indigenous and remote rainforest tribes. Thus, the match is (A)-(I) Rainforest tribes.
(B) Early Expanding Stage
This stage experiences high birth rates and declining death rates, resulting in rapid population growth. Many developing countries, such as Angola, are in this stage. Hence, (B)-(II) Angola is correct.
(C) Low Fluctuating Stage
This involves low birth and death rates with slow population growth. It's typical of economically developed countries like Japan, indicating stable and low population growth. Therefore, the correct match is (C)-(IV) Japan.
(D) Late Expanding Stage
This stage represents decreasing birth and death rates with moderate growth. Countries like India, which are advancing economically and industrially, fit this. Thus, the appropriate match is (D)-(III) India.

By analyzing these stages, we confirm the correct answer: (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III).

Answer 2

The demographic transition model explains the changes in population growth patterns over time, based on shifts in birth and death rates. The stages of demographic transition are linked to different countries or tribes, reflecting their stages of development and population dynamics. Below are the stages and their corresponding examples:

• High Fluctuating Stage: This stage is characterized by high birth and death rates, leading to minimal population growth. Rainforest tribes are an example, as their populations are influenced by factors such as disease, limited healthcare, and subsistence agriculture, which result in fluctuating population sizes.
• Early Expanding Stage: In this stage, death rates begin to fall due to improvements in healthcare and sanitation, while birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth. Angola is an example of a country in this stage, where significant improvements in healthcare have reduced mortality rates, but high fertility rates still contribute to fast population growth.
• Low Fluctuating Stage: Birth rates and death rates are both low, resulting in a stable or slowly growing population. Japan is an example of a country in this stage, with a highly developed economy, advanced healthcare system, and low fertility rates, leading to a stable or even declining population.
• Late Expanding Stage: Birth rates start to decline, following the drop in death rates, leading to slower population growth. India represents this stage, as it is experiencing a decline in fertility rates due to urbanization, improved access to healthcare, and family planning, although the population is still growing at a moderate pace.

The stages of demographic transition are not uniform across all countries, as they are influenced by various social, economic, and cultural factors. Understanding these stages helps to analyze and predict population trends, which are crucial for formulating policies related to healthcare, education, and economic development.