List - I | List – II | ||
A. | Predator | i. | Ophrys |
B. | Mutualism | ii. | Pisaster |
C. | Parasitism | iii. | Female wasp and fig |
D. | Sexual deceit | iv. | Plasmodium |
The correct matches are:
Predator - II. Pisaster: Pisaster is a sea star that is a predator of mussels and other organisms.
Mutualism - III. Female wasp and fig trees: The relationship between female wasps and fig trees is an example of mutualism, where both organisms benefit.
Parasite - IV. Plasmodium: Plasmodium is a parasite that causes malaria in humans.
Sexual deception - I. Ophrys: The orchid Ophrys employs sexual deception to attract pollinators.
Therefore, the correct option is (4): A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.
Study the figure given below and answer the questions that follow.
Highly conserved proteins such as Haemoglobin and Cytochrome-C provide the best biochemical evidence to trace evolutionary relationships between different groups. Cytochrome-C is formed of 104 amino acids. Cytochrome-C is the respiratory pigment present in all eukaryotic cells. It has evolved at a constant rate during evolution. In chimpanzees and humans, Cytochrome-C genes are identical. The given data shows the evolution of the Cytochrome-C gene in different mammals from kangaroos, cows, rodents to humans:
Groups | Nucleotide substitution in the gene of Cytochrome-C | Millions of years ago |
---|---|---|
Human/Kangaroo | 100 | 125 mya |
Human/Cow | 75 | 120 mya |
Human/Rodent | 60 | 75 mya |
(a) Select the correct option for the time of separation of two groups and the number of nucleotide substitutions in the gene of Cytochrome-C:
Options | Time of separation of two groups during evolution | Number of nucleotide substitutions |
---|---|---|
(i) | Lesser | Greater |
(ii) | Greater | Lesser |
(iii) | Greater | Greater |
(b) What do you infer about the type of evolution (convergent or divergent) for the given pair of groups and why?
(i) Human and Kangaroo
(ii) Human and Rodent
(c)
(i) Define convergent evolution.
OR
(ii) Define divergent evolution.
AB is a part of an electrical circuit (see figure). The potential difference \(V_A - V_B\), at the instant when current \(i = 2\) A and is increasing at a rate of 1 amp/second is: