Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Evolutionary Processes)	List-II (Example)
(A) Divergent evolution	(I) Wings of butterfly and birds
(B) Convergent evolution	(II) Lemur and spotted cuscus
(C) Anthropogenic evolution	(III) Hearts of vertebrates
(D) Adaptive Radiation	(IV) Antibiotic resistant microbes

• A. (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
• B. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
• C. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
• D. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Let's match the evolutionary processes from List-I with their corresponding examples in List-II:

(A) Divergent evolution: This is the process where two or more related species become more different from each other over time, often due to different environments. The example of hearts of vertebrates fits well here, as vertebrates have evolved different types of hearts (e.g., fish have two chambers, birds have four chambers) adapted to their specific needs.

(B) Convergent evolution: This occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits due to adapting to similar environments. The example of the wings of butterfly and birds fits this category, as both have wings used for flight but evolved from different ancestral lineages.

(C) Anthropogenic evolution: This refers to evolutionary changes induced by human activity, such as the development of resistance to human-made substances. The example of antibiotic-resistant microbes is a clear example of anthropogenic evolution, as human antibiotic use has driven the evolution of resistant strains of bacteria.

(D) Adaptive Radiation: This is the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor in response to different environmental niches. The example of lemur and spotted cuscus fits, as they are different species that evolved from a common ancestor and adapted to different ecological niches.

Thus, the correct matching is:

(A)-(III): Divergent evolution → Hearts of vertebrates

(B)-(I): Convergent evolution → Wings of butterfly and birds

(C)-(IV): Anthropogenic evolution → Antibiotic-resistant microbes

(D)-(II): Adaptive Radiation → Lemur and spotted cuscus

The correct answer is (2) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II).

Answer 2

The correct match is: 
(A) Divergent evolution - hearts of vertebrates (III); 
(B) Convergent evolution - wings of butterfly and birds (I); 
(C) Anthropogenic evolution - antibiotic-resistant microbes (IV); 
(D) Adaptive radiation - lemurs and spotted cuscus (II). Divergent evolution produces homologous structures, while convergent evolution leads to analogous structures.