Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Evolutionary Processes)	List-II (Example)
(A) Divergent evolution	(I) Wings of butterfly and birds
(B) Convergent evolution	(II) Lemur and spotted cuscus
(C) Anthropogenic evolution	(III) Hearts of vertebrates
(D) Adaptive Radiation	(IV) Antibiotic resistant microbes

• A. (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
• B. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
• C. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
• D. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To match the evolutionary processes from List-I with their examples in List-II, let's examine each process: 

1. Divergent evolution: This process involves species with a common ancestor evolving different traits. A classic example is the hearts of vertebrates, as vertebrates share a common ancestor but have evolved heart structures that best fit their environments (A)-(III).
2. Convergent evolution: Different species evolve similar traits independently, often due to similar environmental pressures. The wings of butterfly and birds, although structurally different, serve the same function and are an example of convergent evolution (B)-(I).
3. Anthropogenic evolution: This is evolution driven by human activities. Antibiotic resistant microbes are a result of such human influence, as the overuse of antibiotics has led to the evolution of resistant strains (C)-(IV).
4. Adaptive Radiation: It occurs when a single lineage rapidly diversifies into several species, each adapted to a different niche. The example is lemur and spotted cuscus, which have adapted to different environments in a similar geographic region (D)-(II).

Hence, the correct matching is: (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

Answer 2

Let's match the evolutionary processes from List-I with their corresponding examples in List-II:

(A) Divergent evolution: This is the process where two or more related species become more different from each other over time, often due to different environments. The example of hearts of vertebrates fits well here, as vertebrates have evolved different types of hearts (e.g., fish have two chambers, birds have four chambers) adapted to their specific needs.

(B) Convergent evolution: This occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits due to adapting to similar environments. The example of the wings of butterfly and birds fits this category, as both have wings used for flight but evolved from different ancestral lineages.

(C) Anthropogenic evolution: This refers to evolutionary changes induced by human activity, such as the development of resistance to human-made substances. The example of antibiotic-resistant microbes is a clear example of anthropogenic evolution, as human antibiotic use has driven the evolution of resistant strains of bacteria.

(D) Adaptive Radiation: This is the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor in response to different environmental niches. The example of lemur and spotted cuscus fits, as they are different species that evolved from a common ancestor and adapted to different ecological niches.

Thus, the correct matching is:

(A)-(III): Divergent evolution → Hearts of vertebrates

(B)-(I): Convergent evolution → Wings of butterfly and birds

(C)-(IV): Anthropogenic evolution → Antibiotic-resistant microbes

(D)-(II): Adaptive Radiation → Lemur and spotted cuscus

The correct answer is (2) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II).