The correct matching of the aphorism numbers from Hahnemann's Organon of Medicine (6th edition) with their corresponding concepts is as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item §23 (A) discusses the concept of Antipathic method (II), which involves treating symptoms with contraries and is contrasted with the homeopathic method.
\item §26 (B) lays down the Homeopathic law of nature (III), "Similia similibus curentur" (like cures like), the fundamental principle of homeopathy.
\item §73 (C) describes the characteristics of Acute miasms (IV), which are caused by acute, self-limiting infectious diseases.
\item §233 (D) discusses the treatment of Typical Intermittent diseases (I), particularly malarial fevers, with cinchona bark (Quina).
\end{itemize}
Therefore, the correct combination is (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I).