Question

Match List-I with List-II 

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: 
 

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Hint:

To solve baking problems, understand the function of each ingredient:
\textbf{Sugar:} Browning, moisture, tenderness.
\textbf{Fat/Shortening:} Tenderness. (Too much = crumbly)
\textbf{Liquid:} Hydration, structure. (Too much = dense)
\textbf{Temperature:} Sets structure, causes browning. (Too high = dark crust)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Cake quality depends on a precise balance of ingredients and correct baking conditions. An imbalance leads to specific defects. We need to match each defect with its most likely cause.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each defect:
- (A) Too light crust: Crust color develops from the Maillard reaction and caramelization of sugars. Insufficient sugar or too low a baking temperature will result in poor browning and a pale crust. Thus, (A) matches with (III) Too little sugar.
- (B) Dense texture: A dense, heavy texture can be caused by several factors, including improper leavening or a weak structure that collapses. Too much liquid can dilute the structural components (flour, eggs) and gluten, leading to a weak batter that does not rise properly. Thus, (B) matches with (IV) Too much liquid.
- (C) Too dark crust: This is the opposite of a light crust. Excessive browning is caused by too much sugar or, more commonly, a baking temperature that is too high, causing the exterior to brown too quickly before the interior is cooked. Thus, (C) matches with (I) Too high baking temperature.
- (D) Crumbly texture: Shortening (fat) tenderizes the cake by coating flour particles and shortening gluten strands. An excessive amount of shortening over-tenderizes the cake, resulting in a weak structure that is dry and falls apart easily. Thus, (D) matches with (II) Too much shortening.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct pairings are: (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), and (D) - (II). This corresponds to option (D).