Question

Match Column I with Column II.
Column I
(P) Gallium arsenide
(Q) Barium titanate
(R) Iron - 4 wt.% silicon
(S) Yttrium-barium-copper oxide
Column II
(1) Superconductor
(2) Soft magnetic material
(3) Semiconductor
(4) Piezoelectric material

• A. P – 3, Q – 4, R – 2, S – 1
• B. P – 2, Q – 4, R – 3, S – 1
• C. P – 3, Q – 2, R – 1, S – 4
• D. P – 4, Q – 2, R – 1, S – 3

Hint:

Create flashcards for common engineering materials and their primary application or property: - {GaAs} \(⇒\) Semiconductor (LEDs) - {BaTiO\(_3\)} \(⇒\) Piezoelectric/Capacitor - {Si-Fe} \(⇒\) Soft Magnet (Transformers) - {YBCO} \(⇒\) High-T\(_c\) Superconductor

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question tests knowledge of the classification and application of various advanced engineering materials based on their distinct physical properties.
Step 2: Detailed Matching:
- (P) Gallium arsenide (GaAs): This is a compound of gallium and arsenic. It is a direct bandgap semiconductor widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices like microwave frequency integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes, and solar cells. P matches with 3.
- (Q) Barium titanate (BaTiO₃): This is a ceramic material with a perovskite crystal structure. It exhibits ferroelectric properties and is one of the most common materials used for its piezoelectric and photorefractive properties. It is used in capacitors, transducers, and sensors. Q matches with 4.
- (R) Iron - 4 wt.% silicon (Si-Fe): Also known as electrical steel or silicon steel, this alloy is specifically designed to have high magnetic permeability, low coercivity, and high electrical resistivity. These properties minimize hysteresis losses and eddy current losses, making it an excellent soft magnetic material for use in transformer cores and electric motor stators. R matches with 2.
- (S) Yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO): YBa₂Cu₃O₇ is a famous ceramic material known for being the first high-temperature superconductor discovered to have a critical temperature (T_c) above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K). S matches with 1.
Step 3: Compiling the Matches:
The correct pairings are:
- P \(⇒\) 3 (Semiconductor)
- Q \(⇒\) 4 (Piezoelectric material)
- R \(⇒\) 2 (Soft magnetic material)
- S \(⇒\) 1 (Superconductor)
This corresponds to the sequence P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1.
Step 4: Why This is Correct:
This sequence matches option (A). Each pairing correctly identifies the primary functional property of the listed material.