Manipulation of DNA in genetic engineering became possible due to the discovery of
The correct option is (A) : Restriction endonuclease
The discovery of restriction endonuclease made it feasible to manipulate DNA for use in genetic engineering. There are several hundred restriction enzymes that have been isolated from bacterial cells and are used by molecular biologists as tools. Each one has a unique sequence requirement that determines where it will cut DNA. As a result, when a restriction enzyme breaks down DNA, it produces a distinctive collection of fragments that can be separated by electrophoresis and then examined.
List I | List II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A | Two or more alternative forms of a gene | I | Back cross |
B | Cross of F1 progeny with homozygous recessive parent | II | Ploidy |
C | Cross of F progeny with any of the parents | III | Allele |
D | Number of chromosome sets in plant | IV | Test cross |
Biotechnology is the technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms, or parts of this to develop or create different products.
For example, brewing and baking bread fall within the concept of biotechnology (use of yeast (= living organism) to produce the desired product).
Alternative to conventional farming: A possible solution is the use of genetically modified crops which is an alternative path to conventional farming.
In the area of healthcare, recombinant DNA technological processes have made an immense impact which enables the mass production of safe and more effective therapeutic drugs.
A collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo is called Gene Therapy.
For editing genomes, CRISPR is a simple yet powerful tool which allows researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function.