Mainly which type of hormones control the menstrual cycle in human beings :-
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The menstrual cycle in human beings is primarily controlled by three hormones.
- FSH
- LH
- FSH, LH, Estrogen
- Progesteron
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
The menstrual cycle is controlled by several endocrinal parameters.
- At the beginning of the cycle, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) of the pituitary commences the development of an ovarian follicle.
- A growing ovarian follicle slowly secretes an increasing oestrogen.
- Then, this leads to a sudden surge of LH secretion.
- As the LH (luteinising hormone) level in the blood increases suddenly, ovulation takes place.
- Thus only FSH or LH cannot control all the events of the menstrual cycle.
- Progesterone is released by a corpus luteum after ovulation which prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy.
- If no fertilisation is there, the progesterone level falls and there is a beginning of a new cycle.
Mainly FSH, LH, and Estrogen hormones control the menstrual cycle in human beings.
Approach Solution -2
The menstrual cycle in women is the cycle of events starting from one menstruation to the next one. It is controlled by several hormones produced by our bodies. The rise and fall in the levels of these hormones in the blood regulate the menstrual cycle.
Complete answer:
Hormones are chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands in our bodies. They are produced in small amounts for normal metabolism. Even a slight change in the secretion amount can cause severe diseases.
The several hormones that control the menstrual cycle in women are follicle-stimulating hormone - (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estrogen.
Estrogen is secreted mainly by the ovary in females.
- Endometrium progressively thickens due to the influence of these hormones during the proliferative phase.
- In the middle of the menstrual cycle, ovulation takes place.
- Ovulation happens as a result of the surge of LH secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.
- At the end of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium ruptures when fertilization does not occur.
- It is caused by the rise of estrogen and the fall of progesterone levels in the blood.
- Menstruation is the outflow of the ruptured endometrial lining along with blood.
Hence the correct option is C.
Approach Solution -3
The correct option is (C) FSH LH estrogen.
Explanation: Follicle Stimulating Hormone - (FSH) Luteinising Hormone LH and estrogen all play an important role in controlling the menstrual cycle in human females.
Approach Solution -4
The menstrual cycle in human beings is primarily controlled by three hormones: Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Estrogen.
- These hormones work together to regulate the growth and maturation of the egg (ovum) in the ovary and the thickening of the endometrial lining of the uterus.
- FSH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the growth of the follicles in the ovary, which contain the eggs.
- As the follicles grow, they begin to produce estrogen, which stimulates the thickening of the endometrial lining in the uterus.
- As the follicles continue to mature, the level of estrogen in the body increases, causing a surge in LH.
- This LH surge triggers ovulation, the release of the mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm.
After ovulation, the empty follicle transforms into a structure called the corpus luteum, which continues to produce estrogen and progesterone, another hormone that helps to maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized, the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone decrease, leading to the shedding of the endometrial lining and the onset of menstruation.
The coordinated regulation of FSH, LH, and estrogen is critical for the proper functioning of the menstrual cycle and the maintenance of fertility in human beings. Abnormalities in the levels of these hormones can lead to menstrual irregularities and infertility.
Hence, option C is the correct answer.
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Coordination and Integration
The chemical coordination and integration of all physiological functions in the animal body are jointly synchronized by the neural and endocrine systems. The control and coordination of body functions are executed by the endocrine glands. They are ductless glands that secrete severel hormones to control and coordinate body functions.
Human Endocrine System:
The human body has several endocrine glands located in different parts. They cover the pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, parathyroid, pancreas (dual gland), adrenal gland, and gonads (testes and ovaries). The liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract also produce hormones in small traces to harmonize the functioning of these organs.
The Hypothalamus comprises groups of secretory cells called nuclei which secrets various hormones. These hormones released by the hypothalamus are important in regulating the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.
Functions of Endocrine Glands:
- Pituitary Gland
- Pineal Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal Gland
- Pancreas
- Testes
- Ovary
- Hormones of Kidney, Heart, and Gastrointestinal Tract