Step 1: Analyze the function \( f(x) \).
The function is defined as:
\[
f(x) = \max\{x, x^3\}.
\]
This implies:
For \( x \geq 1 \), \( f(x) = x \), as \( x>x^3 \).
For \( -1 \leq x \leq 1 \), \( f(x) = x^3 \), as \( x^3>x \).
For \( x \leq -1 \), \( f(x) = x \), as \( x>x^3 \).
Step 2: Points of non-differentiability.
The function \( f(x) \) is not differentiable at the points where the two components \( x \) and \( x^3 \) intersect.
Solve \( x = x^3 \):
\[
x^3 - x = 0 \implies x(x^2 - 1) = 0 \implies x = 0, \, x = 1, \, x = -1.
\]
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\{-1, 0, 1\}}
\]