Step 1: Understanding the question.
The question is asking about the river on which Kolkata is located. Kolkata is situated on the banks of the Hooghly River.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) गंगा: Ganga is a major river, but Kolkata is specifically located on the Hooghly, which is a distributary of the Ganga.
(B) दामोदर: Durgapur, not Kolkata, is situated near the Damodar River.
(C) हुगली: Correct — Kolkata is situated on the Hooghly River.
(D) यमुना: Yamuna flows through Delhi, not Kolkata.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (C) हुगली, as Kolkata is located on the Hooghly River.