Question:
Introduction of foreign genes into plant cells can be carried out using
Introduction of foreign genes into plant cells can be carried out using
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Agrobacterium, electroporation, and gene gun are standard plant transformation tools—CaCl$_2$ treatment is only for bacteria.
Updated On: Nov 27, 2025
- Agrobacterium
- CaCl$_2$ mediated plasmid uptake
- Electroporation
- Gene gun
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The Correct Option is A, B, D
Solution and Explanation
Several methods are used for introducing foreign DNA into plant cells.
Option A: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens naturally transfers T-DNA into plant genomes.
It is one of the most widely used tools for plant genetic engineering. Hence, A is correct.
Option B: CaCl$_2$ mediated plasmid uptake
This method works efficiently with bacterial cells (e.g., E. coli) but is not effective for plant cells due to the rigid cell wall.
Therefore, B is incorrect.
Option C: Electroporation
High-voltage pulses create temporary pores in cell membranes, allowing DNA entry.
Protoplasts (plant cells without cell walls) can take up DNA via electroporation. Hence, C is correct.
Option D: Gene gun / biolistic method
DNA-coated metal particles are physically shot into plant tissues.
This method works even for species recalcitrant to Agrobacterium. Hence, D is correct.
Thus, the correct methods are A, C and D.
Option A: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens naturally transfers T-DNA into plant genomes.
It is one of the most widely used tools for plant genetic engineering. Hence, A is correct.
Option B: CaCl$_2$ mediated plasmid uptake
This method works efficiently with bacterial cells (e.g., E. coli) but is not effective for plant cells due to the rigid cell wall.
Therefore, B is incorrect.
Option C: Electroporation
High-voltage pulses create temporary pores in cell membranes, allowing DNA entry.
Protoplasts (plant cells without cell walls) can take up DNA via electroporation. Hence, C is correct.
Option D: Gene gun / biolistic method
DNA-coated metal particles are physically shot into plant tissues.
This method works even for species recalcitrant to Agrobacterium. Hence, D is correct.
Thus, the correct methods are A, C and D.
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