Question

International Criminal Court is based on

• A. Rio Conference
• B. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
• C. Part of U.N. Charter
• D. Yugoslavakia Statute of the International Criminal Court

Hint:

It is very important to distinguish between the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICJ (or World Court) settles disputes between states and is a UN organ. The ICC prosecutes individuals for heinous international crimes and was established by the Rome Statute.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the founding treaty or legal instrument that established the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
The ICC was established by a treaty called the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The statute was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Rome, Italy on 17 July 1998 and it entered into force on 1 July 2002. This statute is the court's founding legal document, outlining its jurisdiction, structure, and functions.
- The ICC is not part of the United Nations system, unlike the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which is a UN organ established by the UN Charter. The ICC has a cooperation agreement with the UN.
- The Rio Conference was on environment and development.
- The statute for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was specific to that ad hoc tribunal.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The International Criminal Court is based on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.