Question:

Internal energy is sum of

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022
  • kinetic energy and potential energy
  • all types of energy of the system
  • energy of internal system
  • none of these
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Internal energy is the energy associated with every substance, depending on the chemical nature, temperature, pressure and volume. It is the sum of many types of energies such as translational energy, rotational energy, vibrational energy, electronic energy and bonding energy o f the molecule. $U=U_{\text{trans}}+U_{\text{rot}}+U_{\text{vib}}+U_{\text{bonding}}+U_{\text{electronic}}$
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Concepts Used:

Enthalpy change

Enthalpy Change refers to the difference between the heat content of the initial and final state of the reaction. Change in enthalpy can prove to be of great importance to find whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

Formula for change in enthalpy is:-

dH = dU + d(PV)

The above equation can be written in the terms of initial and final states of the system which is defined below:

UF – UI = qP –p(VF – VI)

Or qP = (UF + pVF) – (UI + pVI)

Enthalpy (H) can be written as H= U + PV. Putting the value in the above equation, we obtained: 

qP = HF – HI = ∆H

Hence, change in enthalpy ∆H = qP, referred to as the heat consumed at a constant pressure by the system. At constant pressure, we can also write,

∆H = ∆U + p∆V

Standard Enthalpy of Reaction

To specify the standard enthalpy of any reaction, it is calculated when all the components participating in the reaction i.e., the reactants and the products are in their standard form. Therefore the standard enthalpy of reaction is the enthalpy change that occurs in a system when a matter is transformed by a chemical reaction under standard conditions.