In which way have microbes played a major role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria?
Solution and Explanation
Several micro-organisms are used for preparing medicines. Antibiotics are medicines produced by certain micro-organisms to kill other disease causing micro-organisms. These medicines are commonly obtained from bacteria and fungi. They either kill or stop the growth of disease-causing micro-organisms. Streptomycin tetracycline and penicillin are common antibiotics. Penicillium notatum produces chemical penicillin which checks the growth of staphylococci bacteria in the body. Antibiotics are desinged to destroy bacteria by weakening their cell walls. As a result of this weakening certain immune cells such as the white blood cells enter the bacterial cell and cause cell lysis. Cell lysis is the process of destroying cell such as blood cells and bacteria.
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Concepts Used:
Microbes in Human Welfare
There are several valuable microorganisms that are beneficial to humans in various manners such as:
In Household Products
- Fermentation of milk to produce yogurt.
- Milk cuddling to compose curd, cheese, and paneer.
In Industrial Products
- Production of beverages such as wine, beer, whiskey, brandy, or rum.
- Production of antibiotics such as Penicillin and other chemical substances to kill or retard the expansion of disease-causing microbes.
Fermented Beverages
- A fermentor is used to produce microbes on a large scale for industrial purposes.
- The brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used to make ethanol. At this time, the yeast ferments malted cereals and fruit juices.
Antibiotics
- The term antibiotic means “against life”. These materials can kill or destroy the growth of other microbes.