In which of the following molecules are all the bonds not equal?
ClF3
BF3
AlF3
NF3
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
In ClF3 (Chlorine trifluoride), the central chlorine atom forms three sigma (σ) bonds with three fluorine atoms. However, due to the lone pair of electrons on the chlorine atom, there is also a lone pair - lone pair repulsion, causing distortion in the molecular geometry. This results in unequal bond lengths, and not all the bonds are equal in ClF3.
So, the correct option is (A): CIF3
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle