Question:

In which of the following cases Supreme Court held that the Competition Act applies to State monopolies, Government companies and Public Sector Undertakings?

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The Coal India judgment of 2023 established a level playing field, confirming that even government-owned monopolies must adhere to competition laws.
Updated On: Jun 13, 2025
  • Coal India Ltd & Anr. v. Competition Commission of India & Anr. (2023)
  • Alliance Digital Foundation v. Competition Commission of India & others (2023)
  • JCB India Ltd & Anr. v. Competition Commission of India & Anr. (2024)
  • Competition Commission of India v. State of Mizoram & Ors. (2022)
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

This is a landmark judgment from 2023 that settled a major question in Indian competition law.
In the case of Coal India Ltd.
v.
Competition Commission of India, the Supreme Court held that the Competition Act, 2002, is applicable to state-owned monopolies and Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
Coal India had argued that since it was a state monopoly created by a nationalization act, it was exempt from the purview of competition law.
The Supreme Court rejected this argument, stating that all entities, regardless of whether they are public or private, are subject to the rules of fair competition if they are engaged in economic activity.
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