Question

In the question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered I, II, and III. You have to take the given statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follow/s from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts. Statements:
- Some mountains are hillocks.
- Some mountains are rivers.
- Some mountains are valleys.
Conclusions:
I. All mountains are either hillocks or rivers or valleys.
II. No valley is river.
III. Some rivers are valleys.

• A. None follows
• B. Only I follows
• C. Only either II or III follows
• D. Only III follows

Hint:

When analyzing logical deductions, focus on whether the given facts support the conclusions directly and whether the conclusions are reasonable given the information.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

- Conclusion I: The first conclusion assumes that all mountains are either hillocks, rivers, or valleys. However, the statements only tell us that some mountains are these, not all. Thus, Conclusion I does not logically follow. - Conclusion II: The statement that no valley is a river is not supported by the given statements. The statements tell us that some mountains are both rivers and valleys, which makes Conclusion II possible, but not a logical deduction from the statements. - Conclusion III: The statements provide that some mountains are rivers and some mountains are valleys, but do not provide an explicit relation between rivers and valleys. This allows for the possibility that some rivers are valleys, making Conclusion III a valid deduction. Thus, Conclusion III is logically valid.