Question

In the context of Global Navigation Satellite System positioning, which of the following statement is correct?

• A. In Differential Global Navigation Satellite System, the corrections to the coordinates of the user are transmitted from the reference station
• B. text{Real-time kinematic positioning and stop-and-go positioning are both kinematic methods
• C. Rapid-static positioning is not a relative positioning technique
• D. Double differencing eliminates the clock errors and improves the noise in the differenced pseudorange observations

Hint:

Kinematic methods involve a moving receiver and require continuous satellite lock. Real-time and stop-and-go techniques are two such methods with different real-time capabilities.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Kinematic methods in GNSS refer to techniques where the receiver is in motion during data collection. Both Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Stop-and-Go positioning are categorized under kinematic methods:

RTK enables real-time correction of GNSS signals, giving centimeter-level accuracy.
Stop-and-Go involves collecting static data for short periods while moving between survey points.

The other options are incorrect:

Option (A): The DGPS technique transmits corrections to satellite observations, not directly to user coordinates.
Option (C): Rapid-static is indeed a relative positioning technique, used to determine positions by differencing with a nearby known base station.
Option (D): While double differencing removes satellite and receiver clock errors, it does not necessarily improve noise in pseudorange observations—it helps in carrier phase processing.