The simplest definition of an operational amplifier is a linear Integrated Circuit (IC) with numerous terminals. Op-amps are voltage amplifiers that are intended to be utilized with external feedback elements like resistors and capacitors connected between their output and input terminals. It is an electrical voltage amplifier with high gain that typically has a single-ended output and a differential input. Due to their widespread use in a wide range of consumer, industrial, and scientific equipment, op-amps are among the most commonly utilized electronic devices in use today.
Inverting input terminals are denoted by a (-) sign, whereas non-inverting input terminals are denoted by a (+) sign.
The positive and negative terminals of a DC voltage source are linked to the V+ and V- power supply terminals, respectively. The common terminal of the V+ and V- must be linked to a ground or reference point in order to prevent the op-amp from being damaged by double the supply voltage.
An op-amp, also known as differential input voltage, should ideally simply amplify the voltage difference between the two. The equation: gives the op-amp's Vout output voltage.
Vout = AOL (V+ – V–)
where AOL is the open-loop gain of the amplifier.
The output signal of a linear operational amplifier is the input signal's value multiplied by the amplifier's gain (A), also known as gain.
It is the rate of flow of electrons in a conductor. SI Unit - Ampere (A).
Electrons are negatively charged particles hence when they move a number of charges moves.
Note:- The ability of a particular substance to conduct electricity depends on the number of electrons that are able to move . Some of the materials allow current to flow better than others.
If a force acts on electrons to make them move in a particular direction, then up to some extent random motion of the electrons will be eliminated. An overall movement in one direction. The force which acts on the electrons to move them in a certain direction is known as electromotive force and its quantity is known as voltage and is measured in V.