A priority encoder is a type of encoder that includes a priority function. If two or more inputs are active (typically asserted as logic '1' or HIGH) at the same time, the encoder produces an output code corresponding to the input that has the highest assigned priority.
Inputs to an encoder are usually considered "active" when they are at a specific logic level, most commonly logic '1' (HIGH).
So, if two or more inputs are equal to '1' at the same time, the input with the highest pre-assigned priority will determine the output code.
For example, in a 4-to-2 priority encoder with inputs \(I_3, I_2, I_1, I_0\) (where \(I_3\) has highest priority), if both \(I_1=1\) and \(I_2=1\), the output will correspond to \(I_2\) because it has higher priority than \(I_1\).
Option (a) is incorrect as inputs are usually active high. Options (c) and (d) describe sequences, not simultaneous input conditions.
\[ \boxed{\text{1 at the same time}} \]