Question

“In India, water resources are getting polluted with industrial effluents, domestic waste, and insecticides used in agriculture.” Evaluate the statement.

Hint:

To combat water pollution, it is crucial to focus on improving waste management, treating industrial effluents, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Answer 1

Water pollution is a growing concern in India due to the discharge of industrial effluents, domestic waste, and agricultural runoff into water bodies. These pollutants not only degrade the quality of water but also pose serious health and environmental risks.
Industrial Effluents:
Many industrial plants, particularly in the textile, chemical, and manufacturing sectors, discharge untreated effluents into rivers, lakes, and other water sources. These effluents contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals that contaminate the water, rendering it unsafe for drinking and agricultural use. Major industrial hubs like Kanpur and Ludhiana have witnessed severe water pollution due to untreated industrial waste.
Domestic Waste:
In urban and rural areas, domestic waste, including sewage and solid waste, is often discharged directly into water bodies. This increases the nutrient load in the water, leading to the growth of algae (eutrophication) and disrupting the aquatic ecosystem. Overpopulation in cities further exacerbates the issue, with inadequate sewage treatment facilities.
Agricultural Pollutants:
In agriculture, the excessive use of insecticides and fertilizers has led to the contamination of groundwater and surface water. These chemicals run off into nearby rivers and streams, polluting the water and harming aquatic life. The use of chemical pesticides in crops like cotton, rice, and sugarcane has resulted in long-term water quality issues in agricultural regions.
In conclusion, water pollution in India is primarily caused by industrial effluents, domestic waste, and agricultural chemicals. A comprehensive approach to wastewater treatment, waste management, and sustainable farming practices is essential to address this problem and protect water resources.